Table of Contents

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


 

FORM 10-Q

 


 

(Mark One)

 

x      QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2018

 

OR

 

o         TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from                      to                    

 

Commission file number: 001-38492

 


 

Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals, Ltd.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


 

Bermuda

 

98-1327726

(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

 

Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals, Ltd.

Clarendon House

2 Church Street

Hamilton HM11, Bermuda
+1 (441) 295-5950

(Address, zip code and telephone number, including area code of principal executive offices)

 

Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals Corp.

100 Hayden Avenue

Lexington, MA, 02421

(781) 431-9100

(Address, zip code and telephone number, including area code of agent for service)

 

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

 


 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ¨    No  x

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer

 

¨

 

Accelerated filer

 

¨

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Non-accelerated filer

 

x  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

 

Smaller reporting company

 

¨

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Emerging growth company x

 

 

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. x

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

 

As of July 31, 2018 there were 49,454,662 common shares outstanding in aggregate, comprised of:

 

15,762,235 Class A common shares, par value $0.000273235 per share

 

4,638,855 Class B common shares, par value $0.000273235 per share

 

12,995,954 Class A1 common shares, par value $0.000273235 per share

 

16,057,618 Class B1 common shares, par value $0.000273235 per share

 

 

 



Table of Contents

 

Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals, Ltd.

 

FORM 10-Q

 

FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2018

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

Page

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)

5

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017

5

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

6

Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Shares and Shareholders’ Deficit

7

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

8

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

9

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

29

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

41

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

41

 

 

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

42

Item 1A. Risk Factors

42

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

99

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

100

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

100

Item 5. Other Information

100

Item 6. Exhibits

100

 

 

SIGNATURES

102

 

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or this Quarterly Report, contains forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy, prospective products and product candidates, their expected properties, performance and impact on healthcare costs, the expected timeline for achievement of our clinical milestones, the timing of, and potential results from, clinical and other trials, marketing authorization from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, or regulatory authorities in other jurisdictions, coverage and reimbursement for procedures using our product candidates, if approved, research and development costs, timing of regulatory filings and feedback, timing and likelihood of success, plans and objectives of management for future operations and future results of anticipated products, are forward-looking statements.

 

These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

 

In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “project,” “contemplate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report are only predictions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including those described under the sections in this Quarterly Report entitled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks, including, without limitation, the following:

 

·                  our status as a clinical-stage company and our expectation to incur losses in the future;

 

·                  our future capital needs and our need to raise additional funds;

 

·                  our limited operating history;

 

·                  the lengthy and expensive clinical development process with its uncertain outcome and potential for clinical failure or delay;

 

·                  the decision by any applicable regulatory authority whether to clear our product candidates for clinical development and, ultimately, whether to approve them for marketing and sale;

 

·                  our ability to anticipate and prevent adverse events caused by our product candidates;

 

·                  our ability to identify, in-license, acquire, discover or develop additional product candidates;

 

·                  our ability to have our product candidates manufactured;

 

·                  the market acceptance of our product candidates;

 

·                  our ability to timely and successfully develop and commercialize our existing and future product candidates, if approved;

 

·                  physician awareness and adoption of our product candidates;

 

·                  the size of the market for our product candidates;

 

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·                  our ability to meet the quality expectations of physicians or patients;

 

·                  our ability to improve our product candidates;

 

·                  the decision of third-party payors not to cover our product candidates or to require extensive and/or independently performed clinical trials prior to covering or maintaining coverage of our product candidates;

 

·                  our ability to successfully manage our growth;

 

·                  our ability to avoid product liability claims and maintain adequate product liability insurance;

 

·                  our ability to obtain regulatory exclusivity;

 

·                  our ability to obtain, maintain, protect and enforce our intellectual property rights related to our product candidates;

 

·                  federal, state and foreign regulatory requirements applicable to our product candidates; and

 

·                  ownership concentration in our executive officers and certain members of our senior management may prevent our shareholders from influencing significant corporate decisions.

 

Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified and some of which are beyond our control, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties. As a result of these factors, we cannot assure you that the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report will prove to be accurate. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise.

 

You should read this Quarterly Report and any documents that we reference in this Quarterly Report that we have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

 

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Part I — Financial Information

 

Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)

 

KINIKSA PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

 

 

June 30,

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

Assets

 

 

 

 

 

Current assets:

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

285,518

 

$

45,555

 

Restricted cash

 

263

 

105

 

Short-term investments

 

73,672

 

 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

 

4,416

 

1,444

 

Total current assets

 

363,869

 

47,104

 

Property and equipment, net

 

350

 

125

 

Restricted cash

 

210

 

 

Deferred offering costs

 

 

25

 

Deferred tax assets

 

700

 

238

 

Total assets

 

$

365,129

 

$

47,492

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities, Convertible Preferred Shares and Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit)

 

 

 

 

 

Current liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

Accounts payable

 

$

561

 

$

1,218

 

Accrued expenses

 

12,583

 

6,212

 

Accrued milestone

 

10,000

 

10,000

 

Total current liabilities

 

23,144

 

17,430

 

Deferred rent

 

186

 

 

Total liabilities

 

23,330

 

17,430

 

Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)

 

 

 

 

 

Convertible preferred shares (Series A, B and C), $0.000273235 par value; 0 shares and 22,885,492 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively; aggregate liquidation preference of $0 and $120,000 as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively;

 

 

119,770

 

Shareholders’ equity (deficit):

 

 

 

 

 

Class A common shares, par value of $0.000273235 per share; 15,754,771 shares and 719,976 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017; respectively

 

4

 

 

Class B common shares, par value of $0.000273235 per share; 4,638,855 shares and 3,568,353 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively

 

1

 

1

 

Class A1 common shares, $0.000273235 par value; 12,995,954 shares and 0 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively

 

4

 

 

Class B1 common shares, $0.000273235 par value; 16,057,618 shares and 0 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively

 

4

 

 

Additional paid-in capital

 

469,018

 

1,289

 

Accumulated other comprehensive income

 

7

 

 

Accumulated deficit

 

(127,239

)

(90,998

)

Total shareholders’ equity (deficit)

 

341,799

 

(89,708

)

Total liabilities, convertible preferred shares and shareholders’ equity (deficit)

 

$

365,129

 

$

47,492

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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KINIKSA PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

June 30,

 

June 30,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

2018

 

2017

 

Operating expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Research and development

 

$

17,200

 

$

9,272

 

$

29,831

 

$

12,417

 

General and administrative

 

4,327

 

2,120

 

8,036

 

4,022

 

Total operating expenses

 

21,527

 

11,392

 

37,867

 

16,439

 

Loss from operations

 

(21,527

)

(11,392

)

(37,867

)

(16,439

)

Interest income

 

1,066

 

153

 

1,371

 

226

 

Loss before provision for income taxes

 

(20,461

)

(11,239

)

(36,496

)

(16,213

)

Benefit (provision) for income taxes

 

202

 

36

 

255

 

70

 

Net loss and comprehensive loss

 

$

(20,259

)

$

(11,203

)

$

(36,241

)

$

(16,143

)

Net loss per share attributable to common shareholders —basic and diluted

 

$

(0.97

)

$

(6.69

)

$

(3.09

)

$

(10.47

)

Weighted average common shares outstanding—basic and diluted

 

20,787,288

 

1,673,500

 

11,735,578

 

1,541,691

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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KINIKSA PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED SHARES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT (EQUITY)

(In thousands, except share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

 

 

Convertible Preferred Shares

 

 

Common Shares

 

Additional

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

 

 

(Series A, B and C)

 

 

(Class A, B, A1 and B1)

 

Paid-In

 

Accumulated

 

Accumulated

 

Shareholders’

 

 

 

Shares

 

Amount

 

 

Shares

 

Amount

 

Capital

 

OCI

 

Deficit

 

(Deficit) Equity

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balances at December 31, 2017

 

22,885,492

 

$

119,770

 

 

4,288,329

 

$

1

 

$

1,289

 

$

 

$

(90,998

)

$

(89,708

)

Issuance of Series C convertible preferred shares, net of issuance costs of $9,178

 

12,784,601

 

190,822

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Conversion of convertible preferred shares to common shares

 

(35,670,093

)

(310,592

)

 

35,670,093

 

8

 

310,584

 

 

 

310,592

 

Issuance of Class A common shares upon completion of initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts and commissions and offering costs

 

 

 

 

9,484,202

 

4

 

155,511

 

 

 

155,515

 

Exercise of options

 

 

 

 

4,574

 

 

17

 

 

 

17

 

Share-based compensation expense

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,617

 

 

 

1,617

 

Unrealized gain (loss) on short term investments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7

 

 

7

 

Net loss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(36,241

)

(36,241

)

Balances at June 30, 2018

 

 

$

 

 

49,447,198

 

$

13

 

$

469,018

 

$

7

 

$

(127,239

)

$

341,799

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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KINIKSA PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

 

 

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

June 30,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

Cash flows from operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Net loss

 

$

(36,241

)

$

(16,143

)

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation expense

 

20

 

12

 

Share-based compensation expense

 

1,617

 

228

 

Loss on disposal of property and equipment

 

66

 

 

Non-cash rent expense

 

208

 

 

Deferred income taxes

 

(463

)

(69

)

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

 

(2,965

)

(942

)

Accounts payable

 

(747

)

898

 

Accrued expenses

 

5,616

 

119

 

Net cash used in operating activities

 

(32,889

)

(15,897

)

Cash flows from investing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Purchases of property and equipment

 

(311

)

(37

)

Purchases of short-term investments

 

(73,676

)

 

Net cash used in investing activities

 

(73,987

)

(37

)

Cash flows from financing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Proceeds from issuance of Series B convertible preferred shares, net of issuance costs

 

 

39,873

 

Proceeds from issuance of Series C convertible preferred shares, net of issuance costs

 

190,822

 

 

Proceeds from issuance of Class A common shares upon completion of initial public offering, net of underwriting commissions and discounts

 

159,193

 

 

Payments of deferred offering costs

 

(2,825

)

 

Proceeds from exercise of options

 

17

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

 

347,207

 

39,873

 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash

 

240,331

 

23,939

 

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period

 

45,660

 

56,075

 

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period

 

$

285,991

 

$

80,014

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supplemental information:

 

 

 

 

 

Cash paid for income taxes

 

$

148

 

$

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Deferred offering costs included in accrued expenses and accounts payable

 

$

856

 

$

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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KINIKSA PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

1.              Nature of the Business and Basis of Presentation

 

Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals, Ltd. (the “Company”) is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, acquiring, developing and commercializing therapeutic medicines for patients suffering from debilitating diseases with significant unmet medical need. The Company was incorporated in July 2015 as a Bermuda exempted company. The Company has a pipeline of product candidates across various stages of development, currently focused on autoinflammatory and autoimmune conditions.

 

The Company is subject to risks and uncertainties common to early-stage companies in the biotechnology industry. There can be no assurance that the Company’s research and development will be successfully completed, that adequate protection for the Company’s technology will be obtained, that any products developed will obtain necessary government regulatory approval or that any products, if approved, will be commercially viable. The Company operates in an environment of rapid technological innovation and substantial competition from pharmaceutical and biotechnological companies. In addition, the Company is dependent upon the services of its employees, consultants and service providers. Even if the Company’s product development efforts are successful, it is uncertain when, if ever, the Company will realize significant revenue from product sales.

 

Principles of Consolidation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals Corp. (“Kiniksa US”), after elimination of all significant intercompany accounts and transactions.

 

In assessing the consolidation requirement for variable interest entities (‘‘VIEs’’), the Company focuses on identifying whether it has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE. In the event that the Company is the primary beneficiary of a VIE, the assets, liabilities, and results of operations of the VIE would be included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. At December 31, 2017 and during the year then ended and at June 30, 2018 and during the three and six months then ended, the Company was not the primary beneficiary of a VIE.

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, the accrual for research and development expenses and the valuation of common shares and share-based awards.  Estimates are periodically reviewed in light of changes in circumstances, facts and experience. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Information

 

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. The accompanying year-end consolidated balance sheet was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP.  The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which include only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2018 and the results of its operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 and its cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017. The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2018, any other interim periods or any future year or period.

 

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KINIKSA PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

Reverse Stock Split

 

On May 11, 2018, the Company effected a 1-for-2.73235 reverse share split of its authorized, designated, issued and outstanding common shares and preferred shares. Accordingly, all share and per share amounts for all periods presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been adjusted retroactively, where applicable, to reflect this reverse share split.

 

Initial Public Offering

 

On May 23, 2018, the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 relating to its initial public offering of its Class A common shares (the “IPO”) was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).  On May 29, 2018, the Company completed the IPO of 8,477,777 Class A common shares at $18.00 per share for gross proceeds of $152,600. In addition, on June 22, 2018, the Company completed the sale of 1,006,425 Class A common shares to the underwriters of the IPO following the exercise of  their over-allotment option to purchase additional shares at $18.00 per share for gross proceeds of $18,116. The aggregate net proceeds to the Company from the IPO, inclusive of the over-allotment option exercise, was $155,515 after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering costs.

 

Upon the closing of the IPO, all convertible preferred shares then outstanding automatically converted into 5,546,019 Class A common shares, 1,070,502 Class B common shares, 12,995,954 Class A1 common shares and 16,057,618 Class B1 common shares. In connection with the closing of the IPO, the Company amended and restated its bye-laws (“Amended & Restated Bye-Laws”).

 

Liquidity

 

In accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40), the Company has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the consolidated financial statements are issued. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $127,239. During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company incurred a net loss of $36,241 and used $32,889 of net cash in operating activities. The Company expects to continue to generate operating losses for the foreseeable future. As of June 30, 2018, the Company had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $359,190.  Based on its current operating plan, the Company expects this amount will be sufficient to fund its operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least twelve months from the issuance date of these consolidated financial statements. The future viability of the Company beyond that point is dependent on its ability to raise additional capital to finance its operations. Although the Company has been successful in raising capital in the past, there is no assurance that it will be successful in obtaining such additional financing on terms acceptable to the Company, if at all. If the Company is unable to obtain funding, the Company could be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate some or all of its research and development programs, product portfolio expansion or commercialization efforts, which could adversely affect its business prospects, or the Company may be unable to continue operations.

 

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KINIKSA PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

2.              Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

The Company classifies deposits in banks, money market funds and cash invested temporarily in various instruments with maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase as cash and cash equivalents. At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, cash and cash equivalents consisted principally of U.S. Treasury notes, amounts held in money market funds and cash on deposit at commercial banks.

 

Short-term Investments

 

The Company generally invests its excess cash in money market funds and short-term investments in U.S. Treasury notes. Such investments included in short-term investments on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets are considered available-for-sale and are reported at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included as a component of shareholders’ equity (deficit). Realized gains and losses, if any, on short-term investments are included in interest income (expense), net.

 

Concentrations of Credit Risk

 

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments. At June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, all of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments were held at two financial institutions.  The Company generally maintains balances in various operating accounts at financial institutions that management believes to be of high credit quality, in amounts that may exceed federally insured limits.  The Company has not experienced any losses related to its cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments and does not believe that it is subject to unusual credit risk beyond the normal credit risk associated with commercial banking relationships.

 

Restricted Cash

 

Restricted cash as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 consisted of cash held in a money market fund in connection with the Company’s corporate credit cards. Restricted cash amounts have been classified as current assets based on the expected release date of the restrictions.

 

In conjunction with the Company’s lease agreement entered into in March 2018 (see Note 11), the Company maintains a letter of credit for the benefit of the landlord. As of June 30, 2018, the underlying cash balance of $210 securing this letter of credit, was classified as non-current in the consolidated balance sheet.

 

Fair Value Measurements

 

Certain assets and liabilities of the Company are carried at fair value under GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:

 

·                  Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 

·                  Level 2—Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

 

·                  Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

 

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KINIKSA PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

The Company’s restricted cash, which is held in a money market fund, is carried at fair value, determined based on Level 1 inputs in the fair value hierarchy described above (see Note 3).  The Company’s cash equivalents and short-term investments, consisting of money market funds and U.S. Treasury notes, are carried at fair value, determined based on Level 1 and 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy described above (see Note 3).  The carrying values of the Company’s prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these assets and liabilities.

 

Research and Development Costs

 

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred to discover, research and develop drug candidates, including personnel expenses, share-based compensation expense, allocated facility-related and depreciation expenses, third-party license fees and external costs of outside vendors engaged to conduct clinical development activities and clinical trials as well as to manufacture clinical trial materials. Non-refundable prepayments for goods or services that will be used or rendered for future research and development activities are recorded as prepaid expenses. Such amounts are recognized as an expense as the goods are delivered or the related services are performed, or until it is no longer expected that the goods will be delivered or the services rendered.

 

Research Contract Costs and Accruals

 

The Company has entered into various research and development-related contracts with companies both inside and outside of the United States. The related costs are recorded as research and development expenses as incurred. The Company records accruals for estimated ongoing research costs. When evaluating the adequacy of the accrued liabilities, the Company analyzes progress of the studies or clinical trials, including the phase or completion of events, invoices received and contracted costs. Significant judgments and estimates are made in determining the accrued balances at the end of any reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from the Company’s estimates. The Company’s historical accrual estimates have not been materially different from the actual costs.

 

Share-Based Compensation

 

The Company measures all share-based awards granted to employees and directors based on their fair value on the date of the grant and recognizes compensation expense for those awards over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the respective award. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur. The Company issues share-based awards with only service-based vesting conditions and records the expense for these awards using the straight-line method. The Company has not issued any share-based awards with performance-based vesting conditions.

 

For share-based awards granted to consultants and non-employees, compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period of the awards, which is generally the period during which services are rendered by such consultants and non-employees until completed. At the end of each financial reporting period prior to completion of the service, the fair value of these awards is remeasured using the then-current fair value of the Company’s Class A common shares and updated assumption inputs in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.

 

The Company classifies share-based compensation expense in its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in the same manner in which the award recipient’s payroll costs are classified or in which the award recipient’s service payments are classified.

 

The fair value of each restricted share award is estimated on the date of grant based on the fair value of the Company’s Class A or Class B common shares on that same date. The fair value of each option grant is estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires inputs based on certain subjective assumptions, including the expected share price volatility, the expected term of the award, the risk-free interest rate, and expected dividends (see Note 8).   Prior to May 2018, the Company was a private company and, accordingly,

 

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KINIKSA PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

lacks company-specific historical and implied volatility information for its shares. Therefore, it estimates its expected share price volatility based on the historical volatility of publicly traded peer companies and expects to continue to do so until such time as it has adequate historical data regarding the volatility of its own traded share price. The expected term of the Company’s options has been determined utilizing the “simplified” method for awards that qualify as “plain-vanilla” options. The expected term of options granted to non-employees is equal to the contractual term of the option award. The risk-free interest rate is determined by reference to the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant of the award for time periods approximately equal to the expected term of the award. Expected dividend yield is based on the fact that the Company has never paid cash dividends on common shares and does not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

 

Net Income (Loss) per Share

 

The Company follows the two-class method when computing net income (loss) per share as the Company has issued shares that meet the definition of participating securities. The two-class method determines net income (loss) per share for each class of common and participating securities according to dividends declared or accumulated and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The two-class method requires income available to common shareholders for the period to be allocated between common and participating securities based upon their respective rights to receive dividends as if all income for the period had been distributed.

 

Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to common shareholders is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders is computed by adjusting net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders to reallocate undistributed earnings based on the potential impact of dilutive securities. Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common shareholders is computed by dividing the diluted net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, including potential dilutive common shares. For purpose of this calculation, outstanding options, unvested restricted common shares and convertible preferred shares are considered potential dilutive common shares.

 

Prior to May 23, 2018, when the Company’s convertible preferred shares converted to common shares, the Company’s convertible preferred shares contractually entitled the holders of such shares to participate in dividends but did not contractually require the holders of such shares to participate in losses of the Company. Accordingly, for periods in which the Company reported a net loss attributable to common shareholders, such losses were not allocated to convertible preferred shareholders.  In periods in which the Company reports a net loss attributable to common shareholders, diluted net loss per share attributable to common shareholders is the same as basic net loss per share attributable to common shareholders, since dilutive common shares are not assumed to have been issued if their effect is anti-dilutive. The Company reported a net loss attributable to common shareholders for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

 

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

 

In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-09, Compensation — Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting (“ASU 2017-09”), which clarifies when to account for a change to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award as a modification. Under the new guidance, modification accounting is required only if the fair value, the vesting conditions or the classification of the award (as equity or liability) changes as a result of the change in terms or conditions. ASU 2017-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2017-09 as of the required effective date of January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2017-09 will have an impact on the modification of stock-based awards, if any, after the date of adoption. The adoption of ASU 2017-09 did not have an impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

 

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows: Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (Topic 230) (“ASU 2016-15”). This guidance addresses diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented in the statement of cash flows. The standard is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods in those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. The adoption of ASU 2016-15 is required to be applied retrospectively. The Company adopted ASU 2017-09 on the required effective date of January 1, 2018, and the adoption did not have an impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

 

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KINIKSA PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”), which supersedes existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP. The standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard defines a five-step process to achieve this principle, and will require companies to use more judgment and make more estimates than under the current guidance. The Company expects that these judgments and estimates will include identifying performance obligations in the customer contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. ASU 2014-09 also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, which delays the effective date of ASU 2014-09 such that the standard is effective for public entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and for interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption of the standard is permitted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. The FASB subsequently issued amendments to ASU 2014-09 that have the same effective date and transition date. The Company adopted ASU 2014-09 as of the required effective date of January 1, 2018 and the adoption did not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as the Company does not currently have any revenue-generating arrangements.

 

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

 

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features (Part II) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception (“ASU 2017-11”)Part I applies to entities that issue financial instruments such as warrants, convertible debt or convertible preferred stock that contain down-round features. Part II replaces the indefinite deferral for certain mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interests and mandatorily redeemable financial instruments of nonpublic entities contained within ASC Topic 480 with a scope exception and does not impact the accounting for these mandatorily redeemable instruments. ASU 2017-11 is required to be adopted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2017-11 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

 

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e., lessees and lessors). The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases today. The guidance is effective for public entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 and for interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

 

3.              Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities

 

The following tables present information about the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and indicate the level of the fair value hierarchy used to determine such fair values:

 

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KINIKSA PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements

 

 

 

as of June 30, 2018 Using:

 

 

 

Level 1

 

Level 2

 

Level 3

 

Total

 

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Restricted cash - money market funds

 

$

473

 

$

 

$

 

$

473

 

Cash equivalents - money market funds

 

185,197

 

 

 

185,197

 

Cash equivalents - U.S. Treasury notes

 

 

58,949

 

 

58,949

 

Short-term investments - U.S. Treasury notes

 

 

73,672

 

 

73,672

 

 

 

$

185,670

 

$

132,621

 

$

 

$

318,291

 

 

 

 

Fair Value Measurements

 

 

 

as of December 31, 2017 Using:

 

 

 

Level 1

 

Level 2

 

Level 3

 

Total

 

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Restricted cash - money market funds

 

$

105

 

$

 

$

 

$

105

 

Cash equivalents - money market funds

 

5,487

 

 

 

5,487

 

Cash equivalents - U.S. Treasury notes

 

 

14,995

 

 

14,995

 

 

 

$

5,592

 

$

14,995

 

$

 

$

20,587

 

 

During the periods ended June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 there were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3.

 

The money market funds were valued using quoted prices in active markets, which represent a Level 1 measurement in the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s cash equivalents and short-term investments as of June 30, 2018 and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2017 also consisted of U.S. Treasury notes, which are not traded on a daily basis and, therefore, represent a Level 2 measurement in the fair value hierarchy at each period end.

 

4.              Property and Equipment, Net

 

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:

 

 

 

June 30,

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

Furniture and fixtures

 

$

6

 

$

83

 

Computer hardware and software

 

93

 

9

 

Vehicles

 

85

 

85

 

Construction in progress

 

219

 

 

 

 

403

 

177

 

Less: Accumulated depreciation

 

(53

)

(52

)

 

 

$

350

 

$

125

 

 

Depreciation expense was $12 and $6 during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $20 and $12 during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

 

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KINIKSA PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

5.              Accrued Expenses

 

Accrued expenses consisted of the following:

 

 

 

June 30,

 

December 31,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

Accrued employee compensation and benefits

 

$

2,158

 

$

1,570

 

Accrued research and development expenses

 

9,091

 

3,905

 

Accrued legal and professional fees

 

1,267

 

688

 

Other

 

67

 

49

 

 

 

$

12,583

 

$

6,212

 

 

6.              Convertible Preferred Shares

 

As of December 31, 2017, the Company’s bye-laws, as amended and restated, designated 22,885,492 authorized shares to be issued as convertible preferred shares with a par value of $0.000273235 per share, of which 17,128,120 shares were further designated as Series A convertible preferred shares (the “Series A preferred shares”) and 5,757,372 shares were further designated as Series B convertible preferred shares (the “Series B preferred shares”). In February 2018, the Company’s bye-laws were further amended and restated to, among other things, effect an increase in the number of authorized convertible preferred shares with a par value of $0.000273235 per share to 35,670,093 shares, of which 12,784,601 shares were further designated as Series C convertible preferred shares (the “Series C preferred shares”). The holders of convertible preferred shares had liquidation rights in the event of a deemed liquidation that, in certain situations, was not solely within the control of the Company. Therefore, the Series A, Series B and Series C convertible preferred shares (collectively, the “Preferred Shares”) were classified outside of shareholders’ equity (deficit).

 

In October 2015, the Company issued and sold 8,028,809 Series A preferred shares at a price of $4.6707 per share (the “Series A Original Issue Price”) for proceeds of $37,398, net of issuance costs of $102.

 

In September 2016, the Company issued and sold an additional 9,099,311 Series A preferred shares at a price of $4.6707 per share for proceeds of $42,499, net of issuance costs of $1.

 

In March 2017, the Company issued and sold 5,757,372 Series B preferred shares at a price of $6.9475 per share (the “Series B Original Issue Price”) for proceeds of $39,873, net of issuance costs of $127.

 

In February 2018, the Company issued and sold 12,784,601 Series C preferred shares at a price of $15.6438 per share (the “Series C Original Issue Price”) for proceeds of $190,822, net of issuance costs of $9,178.

 

In May 2018, upon the completion of the Company’s IPO (which qualified as a “Qualified IPO” under the Company’s bye-laws, as amended and restated), all of the outstanding Preferred Shares were converted into 5,546,019 Class A common shares, 1,070,502 Class B common shares, 12,995,954 Class A1 common shares and 16,057,618 Class B1 common shares in accordance with the Company’s bye-laws, as amended and restated.  In connection with the completion of its IPO in May 2018, the Company amended and restated its bye-laws (the “Amended & Restated Bye-Laws”) to, among other things, authorize the issuance of undesignated preferred shares. As of June 30, 2018, no preferred shares were designated or issued.

 

Prior to the conversion to common shares, the holders of the Preferred Shares had the following rights and preferences:

 

Voting

 

The holders of Preferred Shares were entitled to vote, together with the holders of common shares, on all matters submitted to shareholders for a vote. The holders of Series A preferred shares were entitled to the number of votes per Series A preferred share equal to the number of whole Class B common shares into which the Series A preferred shares were convertible at the time of such vote (which is ten votes for each Class B common share). The holders of Series B preferred shares were entitled to the number of Votes per Series B preferred share equal to the number of whole Class A common shares into which the Series B preferred shares were convertible at the time of such vote (which is one vote for each Class A common share). Except as provided by law or by the other provisions of the Company’s bye-laws, holders of Preferred Shares voted together with the holders of common shares as a single class.

 

The holders of Preferred Shares, voting together as a single class, were entitled to elect two directors of the Company. The holders of Preferred Shares, voting together with the holders of common shares as a single class, were entitled to elect the remaining directors of the Company, except for the one director that the holders of Class A common shares and Class B common shares, voting together as a single class were entitled to elect.

 

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KINIKSA PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

Conversion

 

Each Series A preferred share was convertible, at the option of the holder, at any time and from time to time, and without the payment of additional consideration by the holder thereof, in such manner as is permitted by Bermuda law, into such number of fully paid and non-assessable Class B common shares as is determined by dividing the Series A Original Issue Price by the Series A Conversion Price (as defined below) in effect at the time of conversion. Each Series B preferred share was convertible, at the option of the holder, at any time and from time to time, and without the payment of additional consideration by the holder thereof, in such manner as is permitted by Bermuda law, into such number of fully paid and non-assessable Class A common shares as is determined by dividing the Series B Original Issue Price by the Series B Conversion Price (as defined below) in effect at the time of conversion. Each Series C preferred share was convertible, at the option of the holder, at any time and from time to time, and without the payment of additional consideration by the holder thereof, in such manner as is permitted by Bermuda law, into such number of fully paid and non-assessable Class A Shares as is determined by dividing the Series C Original Issue Price by the Series C Conversion Price (as defined below) in effect at the time of conversion.

 

The Series A Original Issue Price and Series A Conversion Price were equal to $4.6707. The Series B Original Issue Price and Series B Conversion Price were equal to $6.9475. The Series C Original Issue Price and Series C Conversion Price were equal to $15.6438. Each Series A preferred share was convertible into one Class B common share, each Series B preferred share was convertible into one Class A common share and each Series C preferred share was convertible into one Class A common share.

 

Further, upon either (i) the closing of the sale of Class A common shares or Class B common shares to the public at a price of at least $15.6438 per share (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any share dividend, share split, combination or other similar recapitalization with respect to the applicable class of common shares) in an initial public offering resulting in at least $100,000 of gross proceeds to the Company (a “Qualified IPO”) or (ii) the date and time, or the occurrence of an event, specified by vote or written consent of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Preferred Shares, voting together as a single class on an as if converted to Class A common shares basis, all outstanding Series A preferred shares would automatically be converted, in such manner as is permitted pursuant to Bermuda law, into Class B common shares at the then effective conversion rate, and all outstanding Series B and Series C preferred shares would automatically be converted, in such manner as is permitted pursuant to Bermuda law, into Class A common shares at the then effective conversion rate. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event of a mandatory conversion of preferred shares as a result of a Qualified IPO, (a) holders of Series A preferred shares could elect to receive Class B1 common shares in lieu of Class B common shares and (b) holders of Series B and Series C preferred shares could elect to receive Class A1 common shares in lieu of Class A common shares.

 

Dividends

 

The holders of the Preferred Shares were entitled to receive noncumulative dividends when and if declared by Company’s board of directors. The Company was not permitted to declare, pay or set aside any dividends on any other class or series of shares of the Company, other than dividends on common shares payable in common shares, unless the holders of the Preferred Share first receive, or simultaneously receive, a dividend on each outstanding Preferred Share equal to (i) in the case of a dividend on any class of common shares or any class or series that is convertible into common shares, that dividend per Preferred Share as would equal the product of (a) the dividend payable on each share of such class or series determined, if applicable, as if all shares of such class or series had been converted into common shares and (b) the number of common shares issuable upon conversion of a share the applicable series of Preferred Shares, or (ii) in the case of a dividend on any class or series that is not convertible into common shares, at a rate per Preferred Share determined by (a) dividing the amount of the dividend payable on each share of such class or series of shares by the original issue price of such class or series (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any bonus share, share dividend, share split, combination of or other similar recapitalization with respect to such class or series) and (b) multiplying such fraction by an amount equal to the applicable Series A, Series B or Series C Original Issue Price. Prior to the Company’s IPO, no cash dividends had been declared or paid.

 

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KINIKSA PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

Liquidation Preference

 

In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company or deemed liquidation event (as defined below), the holders of Preferred Shares then outstanding were entitled to be paid out of the assets of the Company available for distribution to its shareholders, on a pari passu basis, before any payment shall be made to the holders of common shares by reason of their ownership thereof, an amount per share equal to the greater of (i) one times the applicable Original Issue Price, plus any dividends declared but unpaid thereon, and (ii) such amount per share as would have been payable had all Preferred Shares been converted into common shares immediately prior to such liquidation, dissolution, winding up or deemed liquidation event. Thereafter, the remaining assets of the Company available for distribution to its shareholders would be distributed among the holders of common shares, pro rata based on the number of shares held by each such holder.

 

If upon any such liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company or deemed liquidation event, the assets of the Company available for distribution to its shareholders were insufficient to pay the holders of Preferred Shares the full amount to which they shall be entitled, the holders of Preferred Shares would share ratably in any distribution of the assets available for distribution in proportion to the respective amounts which would otherwise be payable in respect of the shares held by such holders of Preferred Shares upon such distribution if all amounts payable on or with respect to such shares were paid in full.

 

Unless a majority of the holders of the then outstanding Preferred Shares elected otherwise, a deemed liquidation event would include a merger or consolidation (other than one in which shareholders of the Company own a majority by voting power of the outstanding shares of the surviving or acquiring company or corporation) or a sale, lease, transfer, exclusive license or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company.

 

Redemption

 

The Company’s bye-laws, as amended and restated, did not provide redemption rights to the holders of Preferred Shares.

 

7.              Common Shares

 

As of December 31, 2017, the Company’s bye-laws, as amended and restated, authorized the Company to issue 43,918,239 total shares with a par value of $0.000273235, of which 5,507,938 and 3,568,353 shares were designated as Class A and Class B common shares, respectively. In February 2018, the Company’s bye-laws were further amended and restated to, among other things, effect an increase in the number of authorized common shares to 44,746,463 shares, of which 5,507,938 shares were designated as Class A common shares and 3,568,353 shares were designated as Class B common shares. The remaining 11,956,456 shares that were not designated as common shares or Preferred Shares as of December 31, 2017 could have been designated to any class at any time in the future by the Company’s board of directors. No Class A1 common shares or Class B1 common shares were designated as of December 31, 2017.

 

On May 23, 2018, the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 relating to the IPO was declared effective by the SEC. On May 29, 2018, the Company completed the IPO of 8,477,777 Class A common shares at $18.00 per share for gross proceeds of $152,600. In addition, on June 22, 2018, the Company completed the sale of 1,006,425 Class A common shares to the underwriters of the IPO following the exercise of their over-allotment option to purchase additional shares at $18.00 per share for gross proceeds of $18,116. The aggregate net proceeds to the Company from the IPO, inclusive of the over-allotment option exercise, was $155,515 after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering costs.

 

In May 2018, upon completion of the IPO (which qualified as a “Qualified IPO” under the Company’s bye-laws, as amended and restated), all outstanding Preferred Shares were converted into 5,546,019 Class A common shares, 1,070,502 Class B common shares, 12,995,954 Class A1 common shares and 16,057,618 Class B1 common shares in accordance with the Company’s bye-laws, as amended and restated.  In connection with the completion of the IPO in May 2018, the Company increased the authorized capital of the Company to $54,647 consisting of 200,000,000 shares of $0.000273235 par value per share and, among other things, amended the description of different classes of shares under the Company’s Amended & Restated Bye-Laws.

 

The rights of the holders of the Company’s Class A common shares, Class B common shares, Class A1 common shares and Class B1 common shares are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion, as described below. As of December 31, 2017, the voting, dividend and liquidation rights of the holders of the Company’s common shares were subject to and qualified by the rights, powers and preferences of the holders of the Preferred Shares as set forth above. In May 2018, following the conversion of the Preferred Shares into common shares, the voting, dividend and liquidation rights of the holders of the Company’s common shares were then subject to and qualified by the rights, powers and preferences of the holders of the preferred shares.  As of June 30, 2018 no preferred shares were designated or issued.

 

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KINIKSA PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

Voting

 

Each Class A common share entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to the shareholders for a vote. Each Class B common share entitles the holder to ten votes on all matters submitted to the shareholders for a vote. Holders of Class A1 common shares or Class B1 common shares have no voting rights. As of December 31, 2017, the holders of the Class A and Class B common shares, voting together as a single class, were entitled to elect one director of the Company. The holders of the Class A and Class B common shares, voting together with the holders of the Preferred Shares, voting together as a single class, were entitled to elect the remaining directors of the Company, except for the two directors of the Company that the holders of the Preferred Shares, voting together as a single class, were entitled to elect.  In May 2018, following the conversion of the Preferred Shares into common shares, the holders of Class A and Class B common shares, voting together as a single class, are entitled to elect the directors of the Company.

 

Dividends

 

Common shareholders are entitled to receive dividends, as may be declared by the board of directors. As of December 31, 2017, these dividends were subject to the preferential dividend rights of the holders of the Company’s Preferred Shares. As of June 30, 2018, no preferred shares were designated or issued. Through December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2018, no cash dividends have been declared or paid.

 

Conversion

 

Each Class B common share shall automatically convert into one Class A common share upon certain transfers of such shares by the holder thereof (subject to certain exceptions). Each Class B common share is convertible, at the holder’s election into one Class A common share or one Class B1 common share. Each Class A1 common share is convertible into one Class A common share at the holder’s election. Each Class B1 common share is convertible into one Class A common share or one Class B common share at the holder’s election. There are no conversion rights associated with the Company’s Class A common shares.

 

8.              Share-Based Compensation

 

2018 Incentive Award Plan

 

In May 2018, the Company’s board of directors and shareholders approved the 2018 Incentive Award Plan (the “2018 Plan”), which became effective on May 23, 2018. On the effectiveness of the 2018 Plan, the Company ceased granting awards under its 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (as amended, the “2015 Plan”).

 

The 2018 Plan provides for the grant of incentive options, nonqualified options, share appreciation rights, restricted shares, dividend equivalents, restricted share units and other share- or cash-based awards. A total of 4,466,500 Class A common shares were initially reserved for issuance under the 2018 Plan. The number of Class A common shares that may be issued under the 2018 Plan will automatically increase on each January 1, beginning with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019 and continuing for each fiscal year until, and including, the fiscal year ending December 31, 2028, equal to the lesser of (i) 4% of the Class A common shares outstanding (on an as-converted basis) on the final day of the immediately preceding calendar year and (ii) a smaller number of Class A common shares determined by the Company’s board of directors. No more than 27,915,000 Class A common shares may be issued under the 2018 Plan upon the exercise of incentive options. The Class A common shares underlying any awards issued under the 2018 Plan or the 2015 Plan that on or after the effective date of the 2018 Plan expire, lapse unexercised or are terminated, exchanged for cash, surrendered, repurchased, canceled without having been fully exercised or forfeited under the 2018 Plan or the 2015 Plan will be added back to the Class A common shares available for issuance under the 2018 Plan.  As of June 30, 2018, 4,352,676 shares remained available for future grant.

 

2015 Equity Incentive Plan

 

Until May 23, 2018 (the effective date of the 2018 Plan), the Company’s 2015 Plan provided for the Company to grant qualified incentive options, nonqualified options, share grants and other share-based awards to employees and non-employees to purchase the Company’s Class A common shares. On the effective date of the 2018 Plan, the Company ceased granting awards under the 2015 Plan.  At that time, the 4,691,213 shares of Class A common shares subject to outstanding awards under the 2015 Plan remained reserved for issuance under the plan pursuant such awards and the 92,170 shares of Class A common shares that had been available for future grant under the 2015 Plan were no longer authorized and reserved for issuance or available for future grant under the 2015 Plan.

 

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KINIKSA PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

As of December 31, 2017, the total number of Class A common shares authorized to be issued under the 2015 Plan was 4,794,266 shares and 1,644,893 shares were available for future grant.  As of June 30, 2018, there were 4,682,066 shares of Class A common shares subject to outstanding awards under the plan authorized and reserved for issuance under the 2015 Plan pursuant such awards and no Class A common shares were otherwise authorized and reserved for issuance or available for future grant under the 2015 Plan as it was replaced by the 2018 Plan.

 

The exercise price for incentive options was determined by the board of directors. All incentive options granted to any person possessing 10% or less of the total combined voting power of all classes of shares could not have an exercise price of less than 100% of the fair market value of the Class A common shares on the grant date. All incentive options granted to any person possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of shares could not have an exercise price of less than 110% of the fair market value of the Class A common shares on the grant date. The option term for incentive awards could not be greater than 10 years. Incentive options granted to persons possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of shares could not have an option term of greater than five years. The vesting period for equity-based awards is determined by the board of directors, which was generally four to six years. For awards granted to employees and non-employees with four-year vesting terms, 25% of the option vests on the first anniversary of the grant date and the remaining shares vest equally each month for three years thereafter. For awards granted to employees with six-year vesting terms, 16% of the option vests on the first anniversary of the grant date and the remaining shares vest based on a predetermined vesting schedule for five years thereafter.

 

Shares that are expired, terminated, surrendered or canceled under the 2015 Plan without having been fully exercised will be available for future awards under the 2018 Plan.

 

Stock Option Grants During the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

 

During the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company granted options to purchase 1,775,292 and 1,355,471 Class A common shares, respectively, to employees and directors. The Company recorded share-based compensation expense for options granted to employees and directors of $1,021 and $109 during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $1,557 and $219 during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

 

During the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not grant options to purchase Class A common shares to non-employees. The Company recorded share-based compensation expense for options granted to non-employees of $38 and $6 during the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $61 and $9 during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

 

2018 Employee Share Purchase Plan

 

In May 2018, the Company’s board of directors and shareholders approved the 2018 Employee Share Purchase Plan (the “2018 ESPP”), which became effective on May 23, 2018. A total of 670,000 Class A common shares were initially reserved for issuance under the 2018 ESPP. The number of Class A common shares that may be issued under the 2018 ESPP will automatically increase on each January 1, beginning with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019 and continuing for each fiscal year until, and including, the fiscal year ending December 31, 2028, equal to the lesser of (i) 1% of the Class A common shares outstanding (on an as-converted basis) on the final day of the immediately preceding calendar year and (ii) a smaller number of Class A common shares determined by the Company’s board of directors, provided that no more than 6,420,000 Class A common shares may be issued under the 2018 ESPP.

 

Option Valuation

 

The assumptions that the Company used to determine the grant-date fair value of options granted to employees and directors under the 2015 Plan and the 2018 Plan (collectively, the “Plans”) during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows, presented on a weighted-average basis:

 

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KINIKSA PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

June 30,

 

June 30,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

2018

 

2017

 

Risk-free interest rate

 

2.87

%

2.48

%

2.72

%

1.98

%

Expected term (in years)

 

5.95

 

6.00

 

6.51

 

6.00

 

Expected volatility

 

74.83

%

74.26

%

75.22

%

74.25

%

Expected dividend yield

 

0

%

0

%

0

%

0

%

 

The assumptions that the Company used to determine the grant-date fair value of options granted to non-employees were as follows, presented on a weighted-average basis:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

June 30,

 

June 30,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

2018

 

2017

 

Risk-free interest rate

 

2.98

%

1.97

%

2.88

%

1.97

%

Expected term (in years)

 

7.57

 

8.84

 

7.70

 

8.84

 

Expected volatility

 

73.69

%

77.93

%

73.83

%

77.93

%

Expected dividend yield

 

0

%

0

%

0

%

0

%

 

Options

 

Stock option activity under the Plans is summarized as follows:

 

 

 

Number of
Shares

 

Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price

 

Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term

 

Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(in years)

 

 

 

Outstanding as of December 31, 2017

 

3,123,064

 

$

2.75

 

8.82

 

$

6,010

 

Granted

 

1,775,292

 

10.89

 

 

 

 

 

Exercised

 

(4,574

)

3.80

 

 

 

 

 

Forfeited

 

(88,745

)

4.49

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding as of June 30, 2018

 

4,805,037

 

$

5.72

 

8.81

 

$

55,939

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Options exercisable as of June 30, 2018

 

1,375,448

 

$

2.23

 

7.91

 

$

20,799

 

Options unvested as of June 30, 2018

 

3,429,589

 

$

7.13

 

9.16

 

$

35,140

 

 

The aggregate intrinsic value of options is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the options and the fair value of the Company’s common shares for those options that had exercise prices lower than the fair value of the Company’s common shares.

 

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, an option holder exercised 4,574 options for Class A common shares with an intrinsic value of $30 for total cash proceeds of $17.

 

The weighted-average grant-date fair value per share of options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $7.51 and $2.51, respectively.

 

The total fair value of options vested during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $1,053 and $173, respectively.

 

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KINIKSA PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

Restricted Shares

 

Under terms of the Class A and Class B restricted share agreements covering the Class A and Class B common shares, restricted common shares are subject to a vesting schedule. The restricted shares vest over a four-year period during which time the Company has the right to repurchase up to all unvested shares at the amount paid if the relationship between the recipient and the Company ceases. Subject to the continued employment (or other engagement of the recipient by the Company as described in the restricted share agreements), all of the restricted common shares become fully vested within four years of the date of issuance.

 

The following table summarizes restricted share activity for the six months ended June 30, 2018:

 

 

 

Class A

 

Class B

 

 

 

Number of
Shares

 

Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value

 

Number of
Shares

 

Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value

 

Unvested restricted shares outstanding as of December 31, 2017

 

312,229

 

$

0.000273235

 

1,635,495

 

$

0.000273235

 

Granted

 

 

 

 

 

Vested

 

(89,208

)

$

0.000273235

 

(446,044

)

$

0.000273235

 

Unvested restricted shares outstanding as of June 30, 2018

 

223,021

 

$

0.000273235

 

1,189,451

 

$

0.000273235

 

 

The aggregate fair value of restricted shares that vested during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 was $5,239 and $1,349, respectively.

 

Share-Based Compensation

 

Share-based compensation expense was classified in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

June 30,

 

June 30,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

2018

 

2017

 

Research and development expenses

 

$

363

 

$

30

 

$

565

 

$

60

 

General and administrative expenses

 

696

 

84

 

1,052

 

168

 

 

 

$

1,059

 

$

114

 

$

1,617

 

$

228

 

 

As of June 30, 2018, total unrecognized compensation cost related to the unvested share-based awards was $16,609, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 4.3 years.

 

9.              License and Acquisition Agreements

 

Biogen Asset Purchase Agreement

 

In September 2016, the Company entered into an asset purchase agreement (the “Biogen Agreement”) with Biogen MA Inc. (“Biogen”) to acquire all of Biogen’s right, title and interest in and to certain assets used in or relating to KPL-716 and other antibodies covered by certain patent rights, including patents and other intellectual property rights, clinical data, know-how, and clinical drug supply. In addition, Biogen granted to the Company a non-exclusive, sublicensable, worldwide license to certain background patent rights related to the KPL-716 program. The Company is obligated to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and commercialize such acquired products.

 

In exchange for these rights, the Company made an upfront payment to Biogen of $11,500 and a technology transfer payment of $500. The Company accounted for the acquisition of technology as an asset acquisition because it did not meet the definition of a business. The Company recorded the upfront payment and technology transfer

 

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KINIKSA PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

payment as research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss because the acquired technology represented in-process research and development and had no alternative future use.

 

Under the Biogen Agreement, the Company is obligated to make milestone payments to Biogen of up to $179,000 upon the achievement of specified clinical and regulatory milestones in multiple indications in various territories. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company made a milestone payment of $4,000 associated with the achievement of a specified clinical milestone event. Additionally, the Company could be obligated to make up to an aggregate of up to $150,000 of payments upon the achievement of specified annual net sales milestones and to pay tiered royalties on escalating tiers of annual net sales of licensed products starting in the high single-digit percentages and ending below the teens.

 

The Company also agreed to pay certain obligations under third-party contracts retained by Biogen that relate to the KPL-716 program. Under these retained contracts, the Company paid a one-time upfront sublicense fee of $150 and is obligated to pay insignificant annual maintenance fees as well as clinical and regulatory milestone payments of up to an aggregate of $1,575. The Company made insignificant payments in connection with the retained contracts during the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

 

The Biogen Agreement will terminate upon the expiration of all payment obligations with respect to the last product in all countries in the territory. The Company has the right to terminate the agreement with 90 days’ prior written notice. Both parties may terminate by mutual written consent or in the event of material breach of the agreement by the other party that remains uncured for 90 days (or 30 days for payment-related breaches).

 

During the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 and the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded research and development expense of $19, $4,086, $30 and $4,147, respectively, in connection with milestone and other payments due under the Biogen Agreement.

 

Novo Nordisk License Agreement

 

In August 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement (the “Novo Nordisk Agreement”) with Novo Nordisk A/S (“Novo Nordisk”), pursuant to which the Company has been granted an exclusive, sublicensable, worldwide license under certain intellectual property rights controlled by Novo Nordisk to make, use, develop and commercialize KPL-045 for all indications. The Company is obligated to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and commercialize such licensed products.

 

In consideration for the license, the Company made an upfront payment of $1,500 to Novo Nordisk. The Company accounted for the acquisition of technology as an asset acquisition because it did not meet the definition of a business. The Company recorded the upfront payment as research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss because the acquired technology represented in-process research and development and had no alternative future use.

 

Under the Novo Nordisk Agreement, the Company is also required to make a payment of $150 upon completion of the technology transfer by Novo Nordisk. The technology was transferred during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and, as a result, this payment was made and is recorded in the Company’s statement of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2018. In addition, the Company is obligated to make milestone payments upon the achievement of specified clinical, regulatory and initial sales milestones and upon the achievement of annual net sales thresholds, including a payment of $1,000 upon the earlier to occur of a specified regulatory milestone and January 2020, unless the Novo Nordisk Agreement is earlier terminated by either party. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company determined that the payment related to the milestone was not probable and, therefore, no amount was recorded in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017. The Company has also agreed to pay royalties on annual net sales of products licensed under the agreement.

 

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KINIKSA PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

Under the Novo Nordisk Agreement, the Company is solely responsible for all development, regulatory and commercial activities and costs. The Company is also responsible for costs related to filing, prosecuting and maintaining the licensed patent rights.

 

The Novo Nordisk Agreement will terminate upon expiration of the last-to-expire royalty term for any licensed product in the territories, as defined in the agreement. Either party may terminate the agreement upon the other party’s insolvency or bankruptcy or for uncured material breach of the agreement by the other party. Novo Nordisk has the right to terminate the agreement if the Company challenges any of the licensed patent rights. The Company may also terminate the agreement for any reason upon prior written notice to Novo Nordisk.

 

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recorded research and development expense of $150, in connection with milestone payments due under the Novo Nordisk Agreement.  The Company did not incur any research and development expense directly related to milestone payments due under the Novo Nordisk Agreement during the three months ended June 30, 2018 or during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017.

 

Primatope Stock Purchase Option Agreement

 

In September 2017, the Company entered into a stock purchase option agreement (the “Primatope Agreement”) with Primatope Therapeutics, Inc. (“Primatope”), pursuant to which the Company has been granted a license to certain intellectual property rights controlled by Primatope to research, develop, and manufacture the pre-clinical antibody, KPL-404.

 

The agreement provides the Company with an exclusive call option to purchase 100% of the capital stock of Primatope. Upon execution of the agreement, the Company made $500 in upfront payments for the initial option period through April 2018 (the “Initial Option Period”). The Primatope Agreement allows up to three extensions of the Initial Option Period through January 2019 (including the initial option period, the “Option Period”) for total extension payments of up to $800. In April and July 2018, the Company made payments totalling $500 to extend the Option Period to October 15, 2018. During the Option Period, the Company may conduct research and pre-clinical work to assess the viability of the asset.

 

If the call option is exercised, the Company will acquire all of the outstanding equity of Primatope in exchange for upfront consideration of $10,000 as well as potential milestone payments of up to $10,000. The upfront payment and the milestone payments may be paid at the option of the Company in a combination of cash and issuance of the Company’s Class A common shares.

 

The Company has determined that the call option represents a variable interest in Primatope and that Primatope is a VIE. However, as the Company has no ability to control the board of directors or direct the ongoing activities of Primatope, the Company does not have power over the activities that most significantly impact Primatope’s economic performance and is not the primary beneficiary of Primatope. As a result, the Company does not consolidate the assets, liabilities, and results of operations of Primatope.

 

Either party may terminate the Primatope Agreement for uncured material breach of the agreement by the other party or by mutual written consent.

 

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 the Company recorded research and development expense of $250, related to the extension of the option period under the Primatope Agreement. The Company did not incur any research and development expense directly related to the Primatope Agreement during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017.

 

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KINIKSA PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

Regeneron License Agreement

 

In September 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement (the “Regeneron Agreement”) with Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Regeneron”), pursuant to which the Company has been granted an exclusive, sublicensable license under certain intellectual property rights controlled by Regeneron to develop and commercialize rilonacept in certain fields and territories. The Company is obligated to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and commercialize such licensed products.

 

In exchange for these rights, the Company made an upfront payment of $5,000. The Company accounted for the acquisition of technology as an asset acquisition because it did not meet the definition of a business. The Company recorded the upfront payment as research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss because the acquired technology represented in-process research and development and had no alternative future use.

 

Under the Regeneron Agreement, the Company is also obligated to make payments to Regeneron of up to an aggregate of $27,500 upon the achievement of specified regulatory milestones. Upon commercialization of the licensed products, the parties will share profits equally, after deducting certain commercialization expenses subject to specified limits.

 

Under the Regeneron Agreement, the Company is solely responsible for all development and commercialization activities and costs in its respective territory. The Company is also responsible for costs related to the filing, prosecution and maintenance of certain licensed patent rights.

 

The parties also entered into a clinical supply agreement under which Regeneron agreed to manufacture the developed product during the clinical phase. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recorded research and development expense of $1,201 and $1,577, respectively, related to the purchase of drug materials under this agreement. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company did not incur any research and development expense related to the purchase of drug materials under this agreement.  As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company has non-cancelable purchase commitments under the clinical supply agreement (see Note 11).

 

The Regeneron Agreement will expire when the Company is no longer developing or commercializing any licensed product under the Regeneron Agreement.  Either party may terminate the agreement upon the other party’s insolvency or bankruptcy or for material breach of the agreement by the other party that remains uncured for 90 days (or 30 days for payment-related breaches). Regeneron has the right to terminate the agreement if the Company suspends its development or commercialization activities for a consecutive 12-month period or does not grant a sublicense to a third-party to perform such activities, or if the Company challenges any of the licensed patent rights. The Company may terminate the agreement at any time that is 18 months after the effective date of the agreement with 180 days’ written notice or with one years’ written notice if the Company terminates the agreement following U.S. marketing approval of a rilonacept product developed by the Company. The Company may also terminate the agreement with three month’s written notice if the products are determined to have certain safety concerns.

 

The Company did not incur any research and development expense directly related to milestone payments due under the Regeneron Agreement during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2018.

 

MedImmune  License Agreement

 

In December 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement (the “MedImmune Agreement”) with MedImmune, Limited (“MedImmune”), pursuant to which MedImmune granted the Company an exclusive, sublicensable, worldwide license to certain intellectual property rights to make, use, develop and commercialize mavrilimumab. Under the MedImmune Agreement, the Company also acquired reference rights to relevant manufacturing and regulatory documents and MedImmune’s existing supply of mavrilimumab drug substance and product. The Company is obligated to use commercially reasonable efforts to develop and commercialize the licensed products.

 

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KINIKSA PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

In exchange for these rights, the Company made an upfront payment of $8,000. The Company accounted for the acquisition of technology as an asset acquisition because it did not meet the definition of a business. The Company recorded the upfront payment as research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss because the acquired technology represented in-process research and development and had no alternative future use. In addition, the Company is obligated to make clinical, regulatory and initial sales milestone payments of up to $72,500 in aggregate for the first two indications, including a milestone payment of $10,000 upon the earlier to occur of a specified regulatory milestone and December 31, 2018, unless the MedImmune Agreement is earlier terminated by either party. As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company determined that the payment related to this milestone was probable and, therefore, recognized research and development expense and an accrued milestone of $10,000 during the year ended December 31, 2017. In addition, the Company is obligated to make clinical and regulatory milestone payments of up to $15,000 in the aggregate for each subsequent indication, including a $5,000 pass-through payment due upon the achievement of a specified clinical milestone event which may be met in the second half of 2018. The Company is obligated to make milestone payments to MedImmune of up to $85,000 upon the achievement of annual net sales thresholds up to, but excluding, $1,000,000 in annual net sales as well as additional milestone payments aggregating up to $1,100,000 upon the achievement of additional specified annual net sales thresholds starting at $1,000,000 and higher. The Company has also agreed to pay tiered royalties on escalating tiers of annual net sales of licensed products starting in the low double-digit percentages and ending at twenty percent. Royalty rates are subject to reductions upon certain events.

 

The Company is solely responsible for all development, manufacturing, and commercial activities and costs of the licensed products, including clinical studies or other tests necessary to support the use of a licensed product. The Company is also responsible for costs related to the filing, prosecution and maintenance of the licensed patent rights.

 

The MedImmune Agreement will expire upon the expiration of the royalty term in the last country for the last indication, as defined in the agreement. Either party may terminate the agreement upon the other party’s insolvency or bankruptcy or for material breach of the agreement by the other party that remains uncured for 90 days. MedImmune has the right to terminate the agreement if the Company challenges any of the licensed patent rights. The Company may terminate the agreement at any time upon 90 days’ prior written notice.

 

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not record research and development expense in connection with milestone payments due under the MedImmune Agreement.

 

10.       Net Loss per Share

 

Net Loss per Share Attributable to Common Shareholders

 

The rights, including the liquidation and dividend rights, of the holders of Class A and Class B common shares are identical, except with respect to voting rights. As the liquidation and dividend rights are identical, losses are allocated on a proportionate basis and the resulting net loss per share attributed to common shareholders will, therefore, be the same for both Class A and Class B common shares on an individual or combined basis.

 

Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common shareholders was calculated as follows:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

June 30,

 

June 30,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

2018

 

2017

 

Numerator:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net loss attributable to common shareholders

 

$

(20,259

)

$

(11,203

)

$

(36,241

)

$

(16,143

)

Denominator:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted average common shares outstanding—basic and diluted

 

20,787,288

 

1,673,500

 

11,735,578

 

1,541,691

 

Net loss per share attributable to common shareholders— basic and diluted

 

$

(0.97

)

$

(6.69

)

$

(3.09

)

$

(10.47

)

 

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KINIKSA PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

The Company’s potentially dilutive securities, which include options, unvested restricted shares and convertible preferred shares, have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would be to reduce the net loss per share. Therefore, the weighted average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common shareholders is the same. The Company excluded the following potential common shares, presented based on amounts outstanding at each period end, from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common shareholders because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:

 

 

 

As of June 30,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

Options to purchase common shares

 

4,805,037

 

2,933,491

 

Unvested restricted shares

 

1,412,472

 

2,482,977

 

Convertible preferred shares (as converted to common shares)

 

 

22,885,492

 

 

 

6,217,509

 

28,301,960

 

 

11.       Commitments and Contingencies

 

Lease Agreements

 

On July 24, 2015, Kiniksa US entered into an operating lease in Wellesley Hills, Massachusetts for office space that comprised the former headquarters for Kiniksa US. In March 2016, effective August 1, 2016, Kiniksa US entered into an expansion and extension on its lease, which expanded its leased space to a total of 10,800 square feet. On March 31, 2017, Kiniksa US renewed this lease and extended the lease term to August 2018. Monthly lease payments, inclusive of base rent and ancillary charges, total $27. As of June 30, 2018, future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating lease commitments for the Wellesley Hills office, which are all due during the year ending December 31, 2018, totaled $54.

 

On March 13, 2018, Kiniksa US entered into an operating lease in Lexington, Massachusetts for office and laboratory space that comprises the new headquarters for Kiniksa US and on June 26, 2018, Kiniksa US entered into an amendment to the lease expanding the rentable space to a total of 27,244 square feet. The lease expires on July 31, 2021. Upon execution of the lease, the Company made a prepayment of $67 for August 2018 base rent. Monthly lease payments begin in September 2018 and include base rent of approximately $70 as well as, ancillary charges such as the share of operating expenses and real estate taxes.

 

The following table summarizes the future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating lease commitments, for the Lexington office, as of June 30, 2018:

 

Year Ending December 31,

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2018

 

$

285

 

2019

 

872

 

2020

 

872

 

2021

 

508

 

 

 

$

2,537

 

 

The Company recognizes rent expense on a straight-line basis over the respective lease period and has recorded deferred rent for rent expense incurred but not yet paid. The Company recorded rent expense of $276 and $97 during

 

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KINIKSA PHARMACEUTICALS, LTD.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $403 and $194 during the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

 

License Agreements

 

The Company has entered into license agreements with various parties under which it is obligated to make contingent and non-contingent payments (see Note 9).

 

Manufacturing Commitments

 

The Company entered into agreements with several contract manufacturing organizations to provide pre-clinical and clinical trial materials.  As of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had committed to minimum payments under these agreements totaling $13,375 and $7,766, respectively.

 

Indemnification Agreements

 

In the ordinary course of business, the Company may provide indemnification of varying scope and terms to vendors, lessors, business partners and other parties with respect to certain matters including, but not limited to, losses arising out of breach of such agreements or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with members of its board of directors and officers that will require the Company, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is, in many cases, unlimited. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs as a result of such indemnifications. The Company does not believe that the outcome of any claims under indemnification arrangements will have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows, and it did not accrue any liabilities related to such obligations in its consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2018 or December 31, 2017.

 

Legal Proceedings

 

The Company is not a party to any litigation and does not have contingency reserves established for any litigation liabilities.

 

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Item 2.                          Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

 

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes for the year ended December 31, 2017 included in our final prospectus for the initial public offering of our common shares, or the IPO, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4) on May 24, 2018. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Quarterly Report, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that involve risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, including those factors set forth in the risks identified in Part II-Item 1A “Risk Factors’’ section of this Quarterly Report and our other filings with the SEC, our actual results could differ materially from the results, performance or achievements expressed in or implied by these forward-looking statements.

 

Overview

 

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on discovering, acquiring, developing and commercializing therapeutic medicines for patients suffering from debilitating diseases with significant unmet medical need. We have a pipeline of product candidates across various stages of development, currently focused on autoinflammatory and autoimmune conditions. We have three clinical-stage product candidates, one of which is anticipated to commence a Phase 3 clinical trial in 2018. We follow a disciplined and methodical approach to selectively identify and acquire product candidates with strong biologic rationales or validated mechanisms of action. We believe that each of our product candidates has the potential to address multiple indications.

 

Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our efforts and financial resources to organizing and staffing our company, business planning, raising capital, acquiring, in-licensing or discovering product candidates and securing related intellectual property rights and conducting research and development activities for our programs. We do not have any products approved for sale and have not generated any revenue from product sales. Prior to the completion of our IPO in May 2018, we had funded our operations primarily with proceeds from the sale of preferred shares, from which we had received net proceeds of $310.6 million.

 

On May 23, 2018, our registration statement on Form S-1 relating to our IPO was declared effective by the SEC. On May 29, 2018, we completed the IPO of 8,477,777 Class A common shares at $18.00 per share for gross proceeds of $152.6 million.  In addition, on June 22, 2018, the Company completed the sale of 1,006,425 Class A common shares to the underwriters of the IPO following the exercise of their over-allotment option to purchase additional shares at $18.00 per share, and we issued and sold 1,006,425 Class A common shares for gross proceeds of $18.1 million.  The aggregate net proceeds to us from the IPO, inclusive of the over-allotment option exercise, was $155.5 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering costs.

 

Upon the closing of the IPO, all convertible preferred shares then outstanding automatically converted into 5,546,019 Class A common shares, 1,070,502 Class B common shares, 12,995,954 Class A1 common shares and 16,057,618 Class B1 common shares.

 

We have incurred significant operating losses since inception. Our ability to generate product revenue sufficient to achieve profitability will depend heavily on the successful development and eventual commercialization of one or more of our current or future product candidates. Our net losses were $36.2 million and $16.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of June 30, 2018, we had an accumulated deficit of $127.2 million. We expect to continue to incur significant operating losses for at least the next several years as we advance our product candidates through all stages of development and clinical trials and, ultimately, seek regulatory approval. In addition, if we obtain marketing approval for any of our product candidates, we expect to incur significant commercialization expenses related to product manufacturing, marketing, sales and distribution. We may also incur expenses in connection with the in-licensing or acquisition of additional product candidates. We expect to continue to incur additional costs associated with operating as a public company, including significant legal, accounting, investor relations and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company.

 

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As a result, we will need substantial additional funding to support our continuing operations and pursue our growth strategy. Until such time as we can generate significant revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operations through the sale of equity, debt financings or other capital sources, which may include collaborations with other companies or other strategic transactions. We may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other agreements or arrangements when needed on favorable terms, or at all. If we fail to raise capital or enter into such agreements as and when needed, we may have to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development and commercialization of one or more of our product candidates or delay our pursuit of potential in-licenses or acquisitions.

 

Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with product development, we are unable to predict the timing or amount of increased expenses or when or if we will be able to achieve or maintain profitability. Even if we are able to generate product sales, we may not become profitable. If we fail to become profitable or are unable to sustain profitability on a continuing basis, then we may be unable to continue our operations at planned levels and be forced to reduce or terminate our operations.

 

As of June 30, 2018, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $359.2 million.  We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments as of June 30, 2018 will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next 12 months from the date of issuance of the unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could exhaust our available capital resources sooner than we expect. See “— Liquidity and Capital Resources.”  Our future viability beyond that point is dependent on our ability to raise additional capital to finance our operations.

 

Components of our Results of Operations

 

Revenue

 

To date, we have not generated any revenue from product sales and do not expect to generate any revenue from the sale of products in the foreseeable future. If our development efforts for our product candidates are successful and result in regulatory approval, we may generate revenue in the future from product sales.

 

Operating Expenses

 

Research and Development Expenses

 

Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs incurred in connection with the discovery and development of our product candidates. We expense research and development costs as incurred. These expenses may include:

 

·                  expenses incurred to conduct the necessary pre-clinical studies and clinical trials required to obtain regulatory approval;

 

·                  expenses incurred under agreements with contract research organizations, or CROs, that are primarily engaged in the oversight and conduct of our clinical trials and contract manufacturing organizations, or CMOs, that are primarily engaged to provide pre-clinical and clinical drug substance and product for our research and development programs;

 

·                  other costs related to acquiring and manufacturing pre-clinical studies and clinical trial materials, including manufacturing validation batches, as well as investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials, pre-clinical studies and other scientific development services;

 

·                  payments made in cash or equity securities under third-party licensing, acquisition and option agreements;

 

·                  employee-related expenses, including salaries and benefits, travel and share-based compensation expense for employees engaged in research and development functions;

 

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·                  costs related to compliance with regulatory requirements; and

 

·                  allocated facilities-related costs, depreciation and other expenses, which include rent and utilities.

 

We recognize external development costs based on an evaluation of the progress to completion of specific tasks using information provided to us by our service providers. This process involves reviewing open contracts and purchase orders, communicating with our personnel to identify services that have been performed on our behalf and estimating the level of service performed and the associated cost incurred for the service when we have not yet been invoiced or otherwise notified of actual costs. Nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services to be received in the future for use in research and development activities are recorded as prepaid expenses. Such amounts are recognized as an expense as the goods are delivered or the related services are performed, or until it is no longer expected that the goods will be delivered or the services rendered.

 

Our direct research and development expenses are tracked on a program-by-program basis for our product candidates and consist primarily of external costs, such as fees paid to outside consultants, CROs, CMOs and research laboratories in connection with our pre-clinical development, process development, manufacturing and clinical development activities. Our direct research and development expenses by program also include fees incurred under license, acquisition and option agreements. We do not allocate employee costs or facility expenses, including depreciation or other indirect costs, to specific programs because these costs are deployed across multiple programs and, as such, are not separately classified. We use internal resources primarily to conduct our research and discovery as well as for managing our pre-clinical development, process development, manufacturing and clinical development activities.

 

The table below summarizes our research and development expenses incurred by program:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

June 30,

 

June 30,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

2018

 

2017

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

(in thousands)

 

Rilonacept

 

$

2,903

 

$

 

$

4,126

 

$

 

Mavrilimumab

 

2,465

 

 

2,743

 

 

KPL-716 (1)

 

6,712

 

8,045

 

13,928

 

10,246

 

KPL-045 (2)

 

890

 

 

1,327

 

 

KPL-404 (3)

 

671

 

 

1,046

 

 

Unallocated research and development expenses

 

3,559

 

1,227

 

6,661

 

2,171

 

Total research and development expenses

 

$

17,200

 

$

9,272

 

$

29,831

 

$

12,417

 

 


(1)

 

The amount for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 includes expense of $4.1 million related to a milestone payment under our asset purchase agreement with Biogen associated with the achievement of a specified clinical milestone event.

(2)

 

The amount for the six months ended June 30, 2018 includes expense of $0.2 million related to a technology transfer payment under our license agreement with Novo Nordisk.

(3)

 

The amount for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 includes expense of $0.3 million related to the extension of the option period under our stock purchase option agreement with Primatope.

 

Research and development activities are central to our business model. Product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage clinical trials. As a result, we expect that our research and development expenses will increase substantially over the next several years as we complete our ongoing and planned clinical trials for rilonacept, mavrilimumab and KPL-716, as well as conduct other pre-clinical and clinical development including regulatory filings for our other product candidates and our discovery research efforts and our related personnel costs will increase, including costs associated with share-based compensation. We also expect to incur additional expenses related to milestone and royalty payments payable to third parties with whom we have entered into license, acquisition and option agreements to acquire the rights to our product candidates.

 

The successful development and commercialization of our product candidates is highly uncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate or know the nature, timing and costs of the efforts that will be necessary to complete the pre-clinical and clinical development of any of our product candidates or when, if ever, material net cash inflows

 

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may commence from any of our product candidates. This uncertainty is due to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with product development and commercialization, including the uncertainty of:

 

·                  the scope, progress, outcome and costs of our pre-clinical development activities, clinical trials and other research and development activities;

 

·                  establishing an appropriate safety and efficacy profile with Investigational New Drug, or IND, enabling and clinical studies;

 

·                  successful patient enrollment in and the initiation and completion of clinical trials;

 

·                  the timing, receipt and terms of any marketing approvals from applicable regulatory authorities including the U.S. Federal Drug Administration, or FDA;

 

·                  the extent of any required post-marketing approval commitments to applicable regulatory authorities;

 

·                  establishing clinical and commercial manufacturing capabilities or making arrangements with third-party manufacturers in order to ensure that we or our third-party manufacturers are able to make product successfully;

 

·                  development and timely delivery of clinical-grade and commercial-grade drug formulations that can be used in our clinical trials and for commercial launch;

 

·                  obtaining, maintaining, defending and enforcing patent claims and other intellectual property rights;

 

·                  significant and changing government regulation;

 

·                  launching commercial sales of our product candidates, if and when approved, whether alone or in collaboration with others; and

 

·                  maintaining a continued acceptable safety profile of our product candidates following approval, if any, of our product candidates.

 

General and Administrative Expenses

 

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits, travel and share-based compensation expense for personnel in executive, business development, finance, human resources, legal, information technology, pre-commercial and support personnel functions. General and administrative expenses also include insurance and professional fees for legal, patent, consulting, accounting and audit services.

 

We expect that our general and administrative expenses will increase in the future as we increase our headcount to support our continued research activities and development of our product candidates and prepare for potential commercialization activities. We also anticipate that we will incur increased accounting, audit, legal, regulatory, compliance and director and officer insurance costs as well as investor and public relations expenses associated with being a public company.

 

Interest Income

 

Interest income consists of income recognized from investments in money market funds and U.S. Treasury notes.

 

Income Taxes

 

As an exempted company incorporated under the laws of Bermuda, we are principally subject to taxation in Bermuda. Under the current laws of Bermuda, tax on a company’s income is assessed at a zero percent tax rate. As a

 

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result, we have not recorded any income tax benefits from our losses incurred in Bermuda during each reporting period, and no net operating loss carryforwards will be available to us for those losses. Our provision for income taxes relates to taxable income generated by our wholly owned U.S. subsidiary, Kiniksa Pharmaceuticals Corp., or Kiniksa US, under a cost-plus arrangement that it has with us and Kiniksa US is subject to federal and state income taxes in the United States.

 

As of December 31, 2017, we had state research and development tax credit carryforwards of approximately $0.1 million available to reduce future tax liabilities, which begin to expire in 2031 through 2032.

 

Results of Operations

 

Comparison of the Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

 

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

 

 

 

 

June 30,

 

 

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

Change

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

Operating expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Research and development

 

$

17,200

 

$

9,272

 

$

7,928

 

General and administrative

 

4,327

 

2,120

 

2,207

 

Total operating expenses

 

21,527

 

11,392

 

10,135

 

Loss from operations

 

(21,527

)

(11,392

)

(10,135

)

Interest income

 

1,066

 

153

 

913

 

Loss before provision for income taxes

 

(20,461

)

(11,239

)

(9,222

)

Benefit (provision) for income taxes

 

202

 

36

 

166

 

Net loss

 

$

(20,259

)

$

(11,203

)

$

(9,056

)

 

Research and Development Expenses

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

 

 

 

 

June 30,

 

 

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

Change

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

Direct research and development expenses by program:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rilonacept

 

$

2,903

 

$

 

$

2,903

 

Mavrilimumab

 

2,465

 

 

2,465

 

KPL-716

 

6,712

 

8,045

 

(1,333

)

KPL-045

 

890

 

 

890

 

KPL-404

 

671

 

 

671

 

Unallocated research and development expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Personnel related (including share-based compensation)

 

2,816

 

945

 

1,871

 

Other

 

743

 

282

 

461

 

Total research and development expenses

 

$

17,200

 

$

9,272

 

$

7,928

 

 

Research and development expenses were $17.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018, compared to $9.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase of $7.9 million was primarily due to an increase in external fees related to our development programs, of which there were five in 2018 and one in 2017, as well as an increase of $2.3 million in unallocated research and development expenses.

 

The direct costs of $2.9 million for our rilonacept program during the three months ended June 30, 2018 were due to expenses related to clinical research and development with our open-label Phase 2 proof-of-concept clinical

 

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trial and preparation for our planned Phase 3 clinical trial. We had no direct costs for our rilonacept program during the three months ended June 30, 2017.

 

The direct costs of $2.5 million for our mavrilimumab program during the three months ended June 30, 2018 were due to expenses related primarily to preparation for our planned clinical trials, including a Phase 2 trial in giant cell arteritis. We had no direct costs for our mavrilimumab program during the three months ended June 30, 2017.

 

The direct costs of our KPL-716 program were $6.7 million during the three months ended June 30, 2018, compared to $8.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2017. The decrease in $1.3 million in direct costs for our KPL-716 program during the three months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily due to expense of $4.1 million in the three months ended June 30, 2017 related to a milestone payment associated with the achievement of a specified clinical milestone event under our asset purchase agreement with Biogen MA Inc., or Biogen, partially offset by an increase in manufacturing and development costs related to clinical drug supply and our Phase 1a/1b clinical trial.

 

The direct costs of $0.9 million for our KPL-045 program during the three months ended June 30, 2018 were due to direct costs related to clinical research and development, including manufacturing development costs. We had no direct costs for our KPL-045 program during the three months ended June 30, 2017.

 

The direct costs of $0.7 million for our KPL-404 program during the three months ended June 30, 2018 were due to $0.4 million of direct costs related to clinical research and development, including manufacturing development costs as well as $0.3 million related to the extension of the option period under our stock purchase option agreement with Primatope Therapeutics, Inc., or Primatope. We had no direct costs for our KPL-404 program during the three months ended June 30, 2017.

 

Unallocated research and development expenses were $3.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $1.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase of $2.4 million in unallocated research and development expenses was due to an increase of $1.9 million in personnel-related costs, including share-based compensation, and an increase of $0.4 million in other costs. The increase in personnel-related costs was primarily due to the hiring of additional personnel in our research and development functions, particularly those responsible for coordinating with CMOs on process development and manufacturing of drug supply and coordinating with CROs on the conduct and oversight of our current and planned clinical trials as well as research studies and development programs for our product candidates. Personnel-related costs for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 included share-based compensation of $0.4 million and $30,000, respectively.

 

General and Administrative Expenses

 

General and administrative expenses were $4.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $2.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase of $2.2 million was due to increases of $1.5 million in personnel-related costs and $0.7 million in professional fees. The increase in personnel-related costs was due to the hiring of additional personnel in our general and administrative functions, primarily in our corporate, finance and human resources departments, as we continued to expand our operations to support the organization. Personnel-related costs for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 included share-based compensation of $0.7 million and $0.1 million, respectively. Professional fees increased due to legal costs incurred in connection with maintaining and registering worldwide patents and costs associated with our ongoing business operations, as well as higher accounting, recruiting, market research expenses and other costs incurred due to becoming a public company.

 

Interest Income

 

Interest income was $1.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $0.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017. The increase was due to both higher average invested balances and higher interest rates on U.S. Treasury notes in 2018.

 

Benefit (Provision) for Income Taxes

 

We recorded an insignificant benefit for income taxes for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

 

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Comparison of the Six Months Ended June 30, 2018 and 2017

 

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017:

 

 

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

 

 

June 30,

 

 

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

Change

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

Operating expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Research and development

 

$

29,831

 

$

12,417

 

$

17,414

 

General and administrative

 

8,036

 

4,022

 

4,014

 

Total operating expenses

 

37,867

 

16,439

 

21,428

 

Loss from operations

 

(37,867

)

(16,439

)

(21,428

)

Interest income

 

1,371

 

226

 

1,145

 

Loss before provision for income taxes

 

(36,496

)

(16,213

)

(20,283

)

Benefit (provision) for income taxes

 

255

 

70

 

185

 

Net loss

 

$

(36,241

)

$

(16,143

)

$

(20,098

)

 

Research and Development Expenses

 

 

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

 

 

June 30,

 

 

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

Change

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

Direct research and development expenses by program:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Rilonacept

 

$

4,126

 

$

 

$

4,126

 

Mavrilimumab

 

2,743

 

 

2,743

 

KPL-716

 

13,928

 

10,246

 

3,682

 

KPL-045

 

1,327

 

 

1,327

 

KPL-404

 

1,046

 

 

1,046

 

Unallocated research and development expenses:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Personnel related (including share-based compensation)

 

5,273

 

1,683

 

3,590

 

Other

 

1,388

 

488

 

900

 

Total research and development expenses

 

$

29,831

 

$

12,417

 

$

17,414

 

 

Research and development expenses were $29.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018, compared to $12.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase of $17.4 million was primarily due to an increase in external fees related to our development programs, of which there were five in 2018 and one in 2017, as well as an increase of $4.5 million in unallocated research and development expenses.

 

The direct costs of $4.1 million for our rilonacept program during the six months ended June 30, 2018 were due to expenses related to clinical research and development with our open-label Phase 2 proof-of-concept clinical trial and preparation for our planned Phase 3 clinical trial. We had no direct costs for our rilonacept program during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

 

The direct costs of $2.7 million for our mavrilimumab program during the six months ended June 30, 2018 were due to expenses related primarily to preparation for our planned clinical trials including a Phase 2 trial in giant cell arteritis. We had no direct costs for our mavrilimumab program during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

 

The direct costs of our KPL-716 program were $13.9 million during the six months ended June 30, 2018, compared to $10.2 million during the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase of $3.7 million in direct costs for our KPL-716 program during the six months ended June 30, 2018 was primarily due to increased expenses

 

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related to manufacturing and development costs related to clinical drug supply and our Phase 1a/1b clinical trial.

 

The direct costs of $1.3 million for our KPL-045 program during the six months ended June 30, 2018 were due to $1.1 million of direct costs related to clinical research and development, including manufacturing development costs as well as $0.2 million related to a technology transfer payment under our license agreement with Novo Nordisk A/S, or NovoNordisk.  We had no direct costs for our KPL-045 program during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

 

The direct costs of $1.0 million for our KPL-404 program during the six months ended June 30, 2018 were due to $0.7 million of direct costs related to clinical research and development, including manufacturing development costs as well as $0.3 million related to the extension of the option period under our stock purchase option agreement with Primatope. We had no direct costs for our KPL-404 program during the six months ended June 30, 2017.

 

Unallocated research and development expenses were $6.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $2.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase of $4.5 million in unallocated research and development expenses was due to an increase of $3.6 million in personnel-related costs, including share-based compensation, and an increase of $0.9 million in other costs. The increase in personnel-related costs was primarily due to the hiring of additional personnel in our research and development functions, particularly those responsible for coordinating with CMOs on process development and manufacturing of drug supply and coordinating with CROs on the conduct and oversight of our current and planned clinical trials as well as research studies and development programs for our product candidates. Personnel-related costs for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 included share-based compensation of $0.6 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

 

General and Administrative Expenses

 

General and administrative expenses were $8.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $4.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase of $4.0 million was due to increases of $2.3 million in personnel-related costs and $1.7 million in professional fees. The increase in personnel-related costs was due to the hiring of additional personnel in our general and administrative functions, primarily in our corporate, finance and human resources departments, as we continued to expand our operations to support the organization. Personnel-related costs for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 included share-based compensation of $1.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively. Professional fees increased due to legal costs incurred in connection with maintaining and registering worldwide patents and costs associated with our ongoing business operations, as well as higher accounting, recruiting, market research expenses and other costs incurred due to becoming a public company.

 

Interest Income

 

Interest income was $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2018 compared to $0.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017. The increase was due to both higher average invested balances and higher interest rates on U.S. Treasury notes in 2018.

 

Benefit (Provision) for Income Taxes

 

We recorded an insignificant benefit for income taxes for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

Since our inception, we have not generated any revenue from any sources, including from product sales, and have incurred significant operating losses and negative cash flows from our operations. Prior to the completion of our IPO in May 2018, we funded our operations primarily with proceeds from the sale of preferred shares, from which we had received net proceeds of $310.6 million.

 

On May 23, 2018, our registration statement on Form S-1 relating to our IPO was declared effective by the SEC. On May 29, 2018, we completed the IPO of 8,477,777 Class A common shares at $18.00 per share for gross proceeds of $152.6 million.  In addition, on June 22, 2018, the Company completed the sale of 1,006,425 Class A

 

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common shares to the underwriters of the IPO following the exercise of their over-allotment option to purchase additional shares at $18.00 per share, and we issued and sold 1,006,425 Class A common shares for gross proceeds of $18.1 million. The aggregate net proceeds to us from the IPO, inclusive of the over-allotment option exercise, was $155.5 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering costs.

 

As of June 30, 2018, we had cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments of $359.2 million.

 

Cash Flows

 

The following table summarizes our cash flows for each of the periods presented:

 

 

 

Six Months Ended

 

 

 

June 30,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

 

 

(in thousands)

 

Net cash used in operating activities

 

$

(32,889

)

$

(15,897

)

Net cash used in investing activities

 

(73,987

)

(37

)

Net cash provided by financing activities

 

347,207

 

39,873

 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash

 

$

240,331

 

$

23,939

 

 

Operating Activities

 

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, operating activities used $32.9 million of cash, primarily resulting from our net loss of $36.2 million, partially offset by non-cash charges of $1.4 million and net cash provided by changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $1.9 million. Net cash provided by changes in our operating assets and liabilities for the six months ended June 30, 2018 consisted of a $5.6 million increase in accrued expenses partially offset by a $3.0 million increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets and a $0.7 million decrease in accounts payable. The increase in accrued expenses was due to our increased level of operating activities and the timing of vendor invoicing and payments as well as an increase in accrued employee compensation expense. The increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets was due to increases in prepaid insurance expenses, interest receivable and prepaid expenses to CMOs related to manufacturing development and CROs related to our clinical trials. The decrease in accounts payable was primarily due to the timing of vendor invoicing and payments.

 

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, operating activities used $15.9 million of cash, primarily resulting from our net loss of $16.1 million and $0.1 million in net cash used in changes in our operating assets and liabilities, partially offset by non-cash charges of $0.2 million.

 

Investing Activities

 

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, investing activities used $74.0 million of cash, consisting of $0.3 million of purchases of property and equipment and $73.7 million of purchases of short-term investments.

 

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, cash used in investing activities was not significant.

 

Financing Activities

 

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, net cash provided by financing activities was $347.2 million, primarily consisting of proceeds of $159.2 million from our issuance and sale of Class A common shares, net of underwriting commissions and discounts upon completion of our IPO and $190.8 million in net proceeds from our issuance and sale of Series C preferred shares, partially offset by $2.8 million of payments of other offering costs associated with our IPO.

 

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, net cash provided by financing activities was $39.9 million, consisting of net proceeds from our issuance and sale of Series B preferred shares.

 

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Funding Requirements

 

We expect our expenses to increase substantially in connection with our ongoing activities, particularly as we advance the clinical trials and pre-clinical activities of our product candidates. Additionally, we expect to continue to incur additional costs associated with operating as a public company, including significant legal, accounting, investor relations and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. Our expenses will also increase as we:

 

·                  continue to conduct our current clinical trials and initiate our planned clinical trials of rilonacept, mavrilimumab and KPL-716;

 

·                  advance pre-clinical development of our early-stage programs, KPL-045 and KPL-404;

 

·                  manufacture, or have manufactured on our behalf, our pre-clinical and clinical drug material and develop processes for late state and commercial manufacturing;

 

·                  seek regulatory approvals for any product candidates that successfully complete clinical trials;

 

·                  establish a sales, marketing, medical affairs and distribution infrastructure to commercialize any product candidates for which we may obtain marketing approval and intend to commercialize on our own;

 

·                  hire additional clinical, quality control and scientific personnel;

 

·                  expand our operational, financial and management systems and increase personnel, including personnel to support our clinical development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and our operations as a public company;

 

·                  maintain, expand and protect our intellectual property portfolio; and

 

·                  acquire or in-license other product candidates and technologies.

 

We believe that our existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments at June 30, 2018 will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least the next twelve months from the issuance date of the unaudited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. We have based these estimates on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we expect. We anticipate that we may require additional capital if we choose to pursue in-licenses or acquisitions of other product candidates. If we receive regulatory approval for rilonacept or our other product candidates, we expect to incur significant commercialization expenses related to product manufacturing, sales, marketing and distribution, depending on where we choose to commercialize.

 

Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with research, development and commercialization of biologic product candidates, we are unable to estimate the exact amount of our working capital requirements. Our future funding requirements will depend on and could increase significantly as a result of many factors, including:

 

·                  the scope, progress, results and costs of researching and developing our product candidates, and conducting pre-clinical and clinical trials;

 

·                  the costs, timing and outcome of regulatory review of our product candidates;

 

·                  the costs, timing and ability to manufacture our product candidates to supply our clinical and pre-clinical development efforts and our clinical trials;

 

·                  the costs of future activities, including product sales, medical affairs, marketing, manufacturing and distribution, for any of our product candidates for which we receive marketing approval;

 

·                  the costs of manufacturing commercial-grade product and necessary inventory to support commercial launch;

 

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·                  the ability to receive additional non-dilutive funding, including grants from organizations and foundations;

 

·                  the revenue, if any, received from commercial sale of our products, should any of our product candidates receive marketing approval;

 

·                  the costs of preparing, filing and prosecuting patent applications, maintaining and enforcing our intellectual property rights and defending intellectual property-related claims;

 

·                  our ability to establish and maintain collaborations on favorable terms, if at all;

 

·                  the extent to which we acquire or in-license other product candidates and technologies; and

 

·                  the timing, receipt and amount of sales of, or milestone payments related to or royalties on, our current or future product candidates, if any.

 

Until such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial product revenue, we expect to finance our cash needs through a combination of public or private equity offerings, debt financings, governmental funding, collaborations, strategic partnerships or marketing, distribution or licensing arrangements with third parties. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, our shareholders’ ownership interest may be materially diluted, and the terms of such securities could include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect our shareholders’ rights as a common shareholder. Debt financing and preferred equity financing, if available, may involve agreements that include restrictive covenants that limit our ability to take specified actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. In addition, debt financing would result in fixed payment obligations.

 

If we raise funds through governmental funding, collaborations, strategic partnerships or marketing, distribution or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional funds when needed, we may be required to delay, reduce or eliminate our product development or future commercialization efforts.

 

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

 

The disclosure of our contractual obligations and commitments is set forth under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Contractual Obligations and Commitments” in our final prospectus filed with the SEC on May 24, 2018. See Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 1, “Consolidated Unaudited Financial Statements,” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of obligations and commitments.

 

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Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

 

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP. The preparation of our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience, known trends and events and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

 

During the six months ended June 30, 2018, there were no material changes to our critical accounting policies. Our critical accounting policies are described under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations— Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates” in our final prospectus related to our Registration Statement filed on S-1 (File No: 333-224488) filed with the SEC on May 24, 2018 and the notes to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 1, “Consolidated Unaudited Financial Statements,” included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We believe that of our critical accounting policies, the following accounting policies involve the most judgment and complexity:

 

·                  accrued research and development expenses;

 

·                  share-based compensation; and

 

·                  determination of the fair value of common shares prior to the IPO.

 

Emerging Growth Company Status

 

The Jumpstart Our Business Act, or JOBS Act, permits an “emerging growth company” such as us to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected to “opt out” of this provision and, as a result, we will comply with new or revised accounting standards when they are required to be adopted by public companies that are not emerging growth companies.

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

We did not have during the periods presented, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in the rules and regulations of the SEC.

 

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

 

A description of recently issued accounting pronouncements that may potentially impact our financial position and results of operations is provided in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements appearing at the beginning of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

 

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Item 3.                 Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

 

Interest Rate Risk

 

We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates. As of June 30, 2018, our cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments consisted of money market funds and U.S. Treasury notes. Our primary exposure to market risk is interest income sensitivity, which is affected by changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates. However, because of the short-term nature of the instruments in our portfolio, an immediate 10% change in market interest rates would not have a material impact on the fair market value of our investment portfolio or on our financial position or results of operations.

 

Item 4.                          Controls and Procedures.

 

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

 

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act). Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of June 30, 2018.

 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 1.                          Legal Proceedings.

 

We are not party to any material legal proceedings.

 

Item 1A.                 Risk Factors.

 

Investing in our Class A common shares involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the risks described below, together with the other information included or incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects could be materially and adversely affected. In these circumstances, the market price of our Class A common shares could decline.

 

Risks Related to Our Financial Position and Capital Needs

 

We are a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company with a limited operating history and have not generated any revenue from product sales. We have incurred significant operating losses since our inception and anticipate that we will incur continued losses for the foreseeable future.

 

We have incurred losses in each year since our inception in 2015 and anticipate incurring losses for the foreseeable future. To date, we have invested substantially all of our efforts and financial resources in identifying, acquiring, in-licensing and developing our product candidates, including commencing and conducting clinical trials and providing general and administrative support for these operations. Our future success is dependent on our ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval for and successfully commercialize one or more of our product candidates. We have not yet demonstrated our ability to initiate or successfully complete any Phase 3 or other pivotal clinical trials, obtain regulatory approvals, manufacture a commercial-scale drug, or conduct sales and marketing activities. We currently generate no revenue from sales of any products, and we may never be able to develop or commercialize a marketable product. Biopharmaceutical product development is a highly speculative undertaking and involves a substantial degree of risk. Typically, it takes many years to develop one new drug from the time it is discovered to when it is available for treating patients, and development may cease for a number of reasons. Consequently, predictions about our future success or viability could be more accurate if we had a longer operating history.

 

We have incurred significant losses related to expenses for research and development and our ongoing operations. Our net losses for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 were $36.2 million and $16.1 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2018, we had an accumulated deficit of $127.2 million. We expect to continue to incur losses for the foreseeable future, and we anticipate these losses will increase substantially as we:

 

·                  continue our research and pre-clinical and clinical development of our product candidates, including our ongoing open-label Phase 2 proof-of-concept clinical trial for rilonacept for the treatment of recurrent pericarditis, and our repeat single-dose portion of our ongoing Phase 1b clinical trial of KPL-716 in subjects with atopic dermatitis;

 

·                  advance the development of our programs, including our plans to advance to a Phase 3 clinical trial with rilonacept for the treatment of recurrent pericarditis, our plans to advance to a Phase 2 clinical trial with mavrilimumab for the treatment of giant cell arteritis, or GCA, and pending clinical data from the single-dose portion of our Phase 1a/1b clinical trial and our LOTUS-PN study, our plans to initiate a Phase 2 clinical trial with KPL-716 in prurigo nodularis;

 

·                  initiate additional pre-clinical studies and clinical trials for our product candidates;

 

·                  increase our manufacturing needs or add additional manufacturers or suppliers;

 

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·                  seek regulatory and marketing approvals for our product candidates that successfully complete clinical trials, if any;

 

·                  establish a sales, marketing and distribution infrastructure to commercialize any products for which we may obtain marketing approval;

 

·                  seek to identify, assess, acquire or develop additional product candidates;

 

·                  make milestone or other payments under any license or purchase agreements;

 

·                  seek to maintain, protect and expand our intellectual property portfolio;

 

·                  seek to attract and retain skilled personnel;

 

·                  create additional infrastructure to support our operations as a public company and our product development and planned future commercialization efforts; and

 

·                  experience any delays or encounter issues with any of the above, including but not limited to failed trials, complex results, safety issues, other regulatory challenges that require longer follow-up of existing trials, additional major trials or additional supportive trials in order to pursue marketing approval.

 

Further, the net losses we incur may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year, such that a period-to-period comparison of our results of operations may not be a good indication of our future performance. We will also continue to incur additional costs associated with operating as a public company. Even if we achieve profitability in the future, we may not be able to sustain profitability in subsequent periods. Our prior losses, combined with expected future losses, have had and will continue to have an adverse effect on our shareholders’ equity and working capital.

 

We will require substantial additional financing, and a failure to obtain this necessary capital when needed on acceptable terms, or at all, could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our product development, other operations or commercialization efforts.

 

The development and commercialization of biopharmaceutical products is capital intensive. We are advancing our product candidates through pre-clinical and clinical development and, continue our ongoing and anticipate beginning new clinical trials for our product candidates, rilonacept, mavrilimumab and KPL-716. We expect our expenses to increase in connection with our ongoing activities as we continue the research and development of, and, if successful, seek marketing approval for, our product candidates. In addition, if we obtain marketing approval for any of our product candidates, we expect to incur significant commercialization expenses related to manufacturing, product sales, marketing, and distribution. As our product candidates progress through development and towards commercialization, we will need to make milestone payments and if successful, eventually royalty payments, to the licensors and other third parties from whom we have acquired our product candidates. We may also need to raise additional funds sooner if we choose to pursue additional indications for our product candidates or otherwise expand more rapidly than we presently anticipate. Furthermore, we expect to continue to incur additional costs associated with operating as a public company. Accordingly, we will need to obtain substantial additional funding in connection with our continuing operations. If we are unable to raise capital when needed on attractive terms, if at all, we will be forced to delay, reduce or eliminate certain of our clinical development plans, research and development programs or future commercialization efforts.

 

The development process for our product candidates is highly uncertain, and we cannot estimate with certainty the actual amounts necessary to successfully complete the development, regulatory approval process and commercialization of our product candidates. Our operating plans may change as a result of many factors currently unknown to us, and we may need to seek additional funds sooner than expected, through public or private equity, debt financings or other sources. Our future capital requirements will depend on and could increase significantly as a result of many factors, including:

 

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·                  the results, time and cost necessary for completing our ongoing open-label Phase 2 proof-of-concept clinical trial for rilonacept for the treatment of recurrent pericarditis and our repeat single-dose portion of our ongoing Phase 1b clinical trial of KPL-716 in subjects with atopic dermatitis, as well as our plans for advancing the clinical development of our programs, including our plans to advance to a Phase 3 clinical trial with rilonacept for the treatment of recurrent pericarditis, our plans to advance to a Phase 2 clinical trial with mavrilimumab for the treatment of GCA, and pending clinical data from the single-dose portion of our Phase 1a/1b clinical trial and our LOTUS-PN study, our plans to initiate a Phase 2 clinical trial with KPL-716 in prurigo nodularis;

 

·                  the number, size and type of any additional clinical trials;

 

·                  the costs, timing and outcomes of seeking and potentially obtaining approvals from the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities, including the potential for the FDA or comparable regulatory authorities to require that we conduct more studies than those that we currently expect to conduct and the costs of post-marketing studies or risk evaluation and mitigation strategies, or REMS, that could be required by regulatory authorities;

 

·                  the costs and timing of transferring manufacturing technology to third-party manufacturers, producing product candidates to support clinical trials and preparing to manufacture mavrilimumab and KPL-716 on a commercial scale, as well as producing rilonacept in potential new final form configurations;

 

·                  the timing and amount of milestone and other payments we must make under our agreements with Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., or Regeneron, MedImmune, Limited, or MedImmune, Biogen, Novo Nordisk, and the other third parties from whom we have acquired or in-licensed our product candidates or from whom we may in the future acquire or in-license product candidates or in connection with the exercise of our option to purchase all of the outstanding capital stock of Primatope;

 

·                  our ability to successfully commercialize any of our product candidates, including the cost and timing of forming and expanding our sales organization and marketing capabilities;

 

·                  the amount of sales revenues from our product candidates, if approved, including the sales price and the availability of coverage and adequate third-party reimbursement;

 

·                  competitive and potentially competitive products and technologies and patients’ receptivity to our product candidates and the technology underlying them in light of competitive products and technologies;

 

·                  the cash requirements of any future acquisitions, developments or discovery of additional product candidates, including any licensing, acquisition, collaboration or other strategic transaction agreements;

 

·                  the time and cost necessary to respond to technological and market developments;

 

·                  the costs of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing any patent claims and other intellectual property rights;

 

·                  any product liability or other lawsuits related to our product candidates or any products;

 

·                  the costs associated with being a public company;

 

·                  our need and ability to hire additional personnel; and

 

·                  the receptivity of the capital markets to financings by biotechnology companies generally and companies with product candidates and technologies such as ours specifically.

 

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Any additional fundraising efforts may divert our management from their day-to-day activities, which may adversely affect our ability to develop and commercialize our product candidates. Disruptions in the financial markets may make equity and debt financing more difficult to obtain, and may have a material adverse effect on our ability to meet our fundraising needs when they arise. Additional funds may not be available when we need them, on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. If we are unable to obtain funding on a timely basis, we may be required to significantly curtail, delay or discontinue one or more of our pre-clinical studies, clinical trials or other research or development programs, or the commercialization of any product candidate. We may also be unable to expand our operations or otherwise capitalize on our business opportunities or may be required to relinquish rights to our product candidates or products. Any of these occurrences could materially affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Raising additional capital may cause dilution to our shareholders, restrict our operations or require us to relinquish rights to our technologies or product candidates.

 

Until such time as we can generate substantial product revenues, if ever, we expect to finance our cash needs through securities offerings or debt financings, or possibly, license and collaboration agreements or research grants. The terms of any financing may adversely affect the holdings or the rights of our shareholders and our issuance of additional securities, whether equity or debt, or the possibility of such issuance, may cause the market price of our Class A common shares to decline. The sale of additional equity or convertible securities would dilute all of our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed payment obligations and we may be required to agree to certain restrictive covenants, such as limitations on our ability to incur additional debt, limitations on our ability to acquire, sell or license intellectual property rights and other operating restrictions that could adversely impact our ability to conduct our business. We could also be required to seek funds through arrangements with collaborators or otherwise at an earlier stage than otherwise would be desirable and we may be required to relinquish rights to some of our technologies, product candidates or future revenue streams, or otherwise agree to terms unfavorable to us, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and prospects. If we raise funds through research grants, we may be subject to certain requirements, which may limit our ability to use the funds or require us to share information from our research and development. Raising additional capital through any of these or other means could adversely affect our business and the holdings or rights of our shareholders, and may cause the market price of our Class A common shares to decline.

 

Risks Related to Product Development and Regulatory Approval

 

We depend heavily on the success of rilonacept, mavrilimumab and KPL-716, which are in various stages of clinical development. If we are unable to advance our product candidates in clinical development, obtain regulatory approval and ultimately commercialize our product candidates, or experience significant delays in doing so, our business will be materially harmed.

 

We do not currently generate any revenue from sales of any products, and we may never be able to develop or commercialize marketable products. Each of our product candidates require additional clinical development, management of pre-clinical, clinical or manufacturing activities, regulatory approval, obtaining adequate manufacturing supply, building of a commercial organization, and significant marketing efforts before we generate any revenue from product sales.

 

We have three product candidates in various stages of clinical development and two at the pre-clinical development stage. None of them have been previously studied in the indications for which we are developing them. We may not be able to demonstrate that they are safe or effective in the indications for which we are studying them and they may not be approved. Although rilonacept is approved and marketed for human use for the treatment of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, or CAPS, in the United States by Regeneron, we are studying rilonacept for the treatment of recurrent pericarditis in an open-label Phase 2 proof-of-concept clinical trial, and we plan to advance development to a Phase 3 clinical trial in 2018. Mavrilimumab has been through Phase 2 clinical trials conducted by MedImmune for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, or RA, but we plan to commence Phase 2 clinical trials of mavrilimumab for the treatment of GCA. Our third product candidate, KPL-716, is currently in the repeat single dose portion of our ongoing Phase 1b clinical trial in subjects with atopic dermatitis. Our assumptions about why these product candidates are worthy of future development and potential approval in these, or any, indications are based on indirect data primarily collected by other companies. We also have pre-clinical product

 

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candidates that will need to progress through studies to enable an IND prior to clinical development. None of our product candidates have advanced into a pivotal study for the indications in which we are studying them. We are not permitted to market or promote any of our product candidates before we receive regulatory approval from the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities.

 

We have not submitted, and we may never submit marketing applications to the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities for our product candidates. We cannot be certain that any of our product candidates will be successful in clinical trials or receive regulatory approval. Further, our product candidates may not receive regulatory approval even if they are successful in clinical trials. If we do not receive regulatory approvals for one or more of our product candidates, we may not be able to continue our operations.

 

Each of our product candidates will require additional pre-clinical and/or clinical development, regulatory approval in one or more jurisdictions, obtaining manufacturing supply, capacity and expertise, building of a commercial organization, substantial investment and significant marketing efforts before we are able to generate any revenue from product sales. The success of our product candidates will depend on several factors, including the following:

 

·                  successful completion of pre-clinical studies, including toxicology studies, biodistribution studies and minimally efficacious dose studies in animals, conducted, where applicable, under the FDA’s Good Laboratory Practice, or GLP, regulations;

 

·                  submission to the FDA of INDs and of clinical trial applications to foreign governmental authorities, for our product candidates to commence planned clinical trials or future clinical trials;

 

·                  successful enrollment in, and completion of, clinical trials, the design and implementation of which are agreed to by the applicable regulatory authorities, and the conduct of clinical trials by or CROs to successfully conduct such trials within our planned budget and timing parameters and without materially adversely impacting our trials;

 

·                  successful data from our clinical programs that support an acceptable risk-benefit profile of our product candidates for the targeted indications in the intended populations to the satisfaction of the applicable regulatory authorities;

 

·                  timely receipt, if at all, of regulatory approvals from applicable regulatory authorities;

 

·                  establishment of arrangements with third-party manufacturers, as applicable, for continued clinical supply and commercial manufacturing;

 

·                  successful development of our manufacturing processes and transfer to new third-party facilities to support future development activities and commercialization that are operated by CMOs in a manner compliant with all regulatory requirements;

 

·                  sufficient supply of our product candidates from our CMOs;

 

·                  establishment and maintenance of patent and trade secret protection or regulatory exclusivity for our product candidates;

 

·                  successful commercial launch of our product candidates, if and when approved;

 

·                  acceptance of our products, if and when approved, by patients, the medical community and third-party payors;

 

·                  effective competition with other therapies;

 

·                  establishment and maintenance of adequate healthcare coverage and reimbursement;

 

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·                  enforcement and defense of intellectual property rights and claims;

 

·                  continued compliance with any post-marketing requirements imposed by regulatory authorities, including any required post-marketing clinical trials, or REMS; and

 

·                  maintenance of a continued acceptable safety profile of our product candidates following approval.

 

If we do not accomplish one or more of these factors in a timely manner or at all, we could experience significant delays or an inability to successfully commercialize our product candidates, which would materially harm our business. If we do not receive regulatory approvals for one or more of our product candidates, we may not be able to continue our operations. Even if we successfully obtain regulatory approvals to manufacture and market our product candidates, our revenues will be dependent, in part, upon the size of the markets in the territories for which we gain regulatory approval and have commercial rights. If the markets for patient subsets that we are targeting are not as significant as we estimate, we may not generate significant revenues from sales of such products, if approved.

 

We plan to seek regulatory approval to commercialize our product candidates in the United States and potentially in foreign countries. While the scope of regulatory approval is similar in many countries, to obtain separate regulatory approval in multiple countries will require us to comply with numerous and varying regulatory requirements of each such country or jurisdiction regarding safety and efficacy and governing, among other things, clinical trials and commercial sales, pricing and distribution, and we cannot predict success in any such jurisdictions.

 

Clinical drug development is a lengthy and expensive process with uncertain timelines and uncertain outcomes. We may encounter substantial delays in our clinical trials, or we may fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of applicable regulatory authorities. We may therefore be unable to obtain required regulatory approvals and be unable to commercialize our product candidates on a timely basis, if at all.

 

Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of our product candidates, we must conduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the product candidates in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, time consuming and uncertain as to outcome. We cannot guarantee that any clinical trials will be conducted as planned or completed on schedule, if at all.

 

We are continuing our ongoing open-label Phase 2 proof-of-concept clinical trial for rilonacept for the treatment of recurrent pericarditis, and our repeat single-dose portion of our ongoing Phase 1b clinical trial of KPL-716 in subjects with atopic dermatitis.  We also plan to advance to a Phase 3 clinical trial with rilonacept for the treatment of recurrent pericarditis, advance to a Phase 2 clinical trial with mavrilimumab for the treatment of GCA, and pending clinical data from the single-dose portion of our Phase 1a/1b clinical trial and our LOTUS-PN study, plan to initiate a Phase 2 clinical trial with KPL-716 in prurigo nodularis.  We are also continuing preparations for IND-enabling studies of KPL-045 and KPL-404 prior to initiating clinical trials. Commencing our planned clinical trials is subject to acceptance by the FDA of an IND or an IND amendment, acceptance by European regulatory authorities of a Clinical Trial Application, or acceptance by other applicable regulatory authorities, and finalizing the trial design based on discussions with the FDA, European regulatory authorities or other applicable regulatory authorities. Even after we receive and incorporate guidance from these regulatory authorities, the FDA, European regulatory authorities or other regulatory authorities could disagree that we have satisfied their requirements to commence our clinical trials, disagree with our interpretation of data from the relevant pre-clinical studies, clinical trials or chemistry, manufacturing and controls, or CMC, data, or disagree or change their position on the acceptability of our trial designs including the proposed dosing schedule, our definitions of the patient populations or the clinical endpoints selected, which may require us to complete additional pre-clinical studies, clinical trials, CMC development, other studies or impose stricter approval conditions than we currently expect. For example, prior to us licensing mavrilimumab, MedImmune submitted an IND to the FDA to conduct a clinical trial of mavrilimumab in RA, and the FDA issued a clinical hold based on its review of certain effects in the lungs observed in non-human primates in pre-clinical toxicity studies. However, following subsequent discussions between MedImmune and the FDA regarding the clinical hold and the availability of additional clinical safety data that MedImmune generated in human clinical trials conducted outside of the United States subsequent to the original IND submission, the FDA acknowledged that the risk/benefit assessment for investigation of mavrilimumab in a clinical trial may differ depending on the patient population studied. Specifically, the FDA acknowledged that the risk/benefit assessment for initiation of a clinical trial may be considered favorable in a patient population with high morbidity and limited effective treatment options, including refractory RA. We believe

 

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that the FDA’s communications with MedImmune suggest that the FDA could find an acceptable risk/benefit for a clinical trial of mavrilimumab in the United States in GCA, a disease with high morbidity and limited treatment options, which we are pursuing. However, the FDA may disagree and may require that we generate additional data, or that we implement additional monitoring or other trial design changes prior to initiating clinical trials of mavrilimumab in the United States.

 

Further, we could discover that our clinical trial design leads to enrollment difficulties which could require protocol amendments and further delay our study. Successful completion of our clinical trials is a prerequisite to submitting a biologics license application, or BLA, to the FDA and a marketing authorization application, or MAA, to the European Medicines Agency, or EMA, for each product candidate and, consequently, to obtaining approval and initiating commercial marketing of our current and future product candidates. We do not know whether any of our clinical trials will begin or be completed on schedule, if at all.

 

A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing, and our future clinical trials may not be successful. We may experience delays in our ongoing clinical trials and we do not know whether planned clinical trials will begin on time, will be allowed by regulatory authorities, need to be redesigned, enroll patients on time or will be completed on schedule, if at all. Events that may prevent successful or timely completion of clinical development include but are not limited to:

 

·                  inability to generate sufficient pre-clinical, toxicology or other in vivo or in vitro data to support the initiation of human clinical trials;

 

·                  delays in reaching a consensus with regulatory agencies on trial design or implementation;

 

·                  delays in establishing the appropriate dosage levels or frequency of dosing or treatment in clinical trials;

 

·                  delays in reaching, or failing to reach, agreement on acceptable terms with prospective CROs, and clinical trial sites, the terms of which can be subject to extensive negotiation and may vary significantly among different CROs and clinical trial sites;

 

·                  difficulties in obtaining required Institutional Review Board, or IRB, approval at each clinical trial site;

 

·                  delays in or failure to obtain regulatory approval to commence a trial, or imposition of a clinical hold by regulatory agencies, after review of an IND or IND amendment, or equivalent application or amendment, or an inspection of our clinical trial operations or study sites;

 

·                  challenges in recruiting and enrolling suitable patients to participate in our clinical trials;

 

·                  amendments to protocols amending study criteria and design;

 

·                  difficulty collaborating with patient groups and investigators;

 

·                  failure by our CROs, other third parties, or us to adhere to clinical trial requirements or to perform their obligations in a timely or compliant manner;

 

·                  failure to perform in accordance with the FDA’s good clinical practices requirements, or GCPs, or applicable regulatory guidelines in other countries;

 

·                  patients not completing participation in a clinical trial or return for post-treatment follow-up;

 

·                  clinical trial sites or patients dropping out of a clinical trial;

 

·                  participating patients experiencing serious adverse events or undesirable side effects or are exposed to unacceptable health risks;

 

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·                  safety issues, including occurrence of adverse events associated with the product candidate that are viewed to outweigh its potential benefits;

 

·                  difficulty in identifying the populations that we are trying to enroll in a particular trial, which may delay enrollment and reduce the power of a clinical trial to detect statistically significant results;

 

·                  changes in regulatory requirements, policies and guidance that require amending or submitting new clinical protocols;

 

·                  the cost of clinical trials of our product candidates being greater than we anticipate;

 

·                  clinical trials of our product candidates producing negative or inconclusive results, which may result in us deciding, or regulators requiring us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon drug development programs; and

 

·                  delays in manufacturing, testing, releasing, validating or importing/exporting sufficient stable quantities of our product candidates for use in clinical trials or the inability to do any of the foregoing.

 

We could encounter delays if a clinical trial is suspended or terminated by us, the IRBs of the institutions in which such trials are being conducted, the Data Safety Monitoring Board, for such trial or the FDA or other regulatory authorities. Such authorities may impose such a suspension or termination due to a number of factors, including failure to conduct the clinical trial in accordance with regulatory requirements or our clinical protocols, inspection of the clinical trial operations or trial site by the FDA or other regulatory authorities resulting in the imposition of a clinical hold, unforeseen safety issues or adverse side effects that arise in our trial, failure to demonstrate a benefit from using a drug, changes in governmental regulations or administrative actions or lack of adequate funding to continue the clinical trial. Many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of our product candidates.

 

Moreover, principal investigators for our clinical trials may serve as scientific advisors or consultants to us from time to time and receive compensation in connection with such services. Under certain circumstances, we may be required to report some of these relationships to the FDA or other regulatory authorities. The FDA or other regulatory authorities may conclude that a financial relationship between us and a principal investigator has created a conflict of interest or otherwise affected interpretation of a study. The FDA or other regulatory authorities may therefore question the integrity of the data generated at the applicable clinical trial site and the utility of the clinical trial itself may be jeopardized. This could result in a delay in approval, or rejection, of our marketing applications by the FDA or other regulatory authorities, as the case may be, and may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.

 

If we experience delays in the completion of any clinical trial of our product candidates or any clinical trial of our product candidates is terminated, the commercial prospects of our product candidates may be harmed, and our ability to generate product revenues from our product candidates, if any, will be delayed. Moreover, any delays in completing our clinical trials will increase our costs, slow down the development and approval process of our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to commence product sales and generate revenue, if any. Significant clinical trial delays could also allow our competitors to bring products to market before we do or shorten any periods during which we have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates and could impair our ability to commercialize our product candidates. In addition, many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of our product candidates.

 

Clinical trials must be conducted in accordance with the laws and regulations of the FDA, European Union rules and regulations and other applicable regulatory authorities’ legal requirements, regulations or guidelines, and are subject to oversight by these governmental agencies and IRBs at the medical institutions where the clinical trials are conducted. In addition, clinical trials must be conducted with supplies of our product candidates produced under current good manufacturing practice, or cGMP, requirements and other regulations. Furthermore, we rely on CROs

 

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and clinical trial sites to ensure the proper and timely conduct of our clinical trials and while we have agreements governing their committed activities, we have limited influence over their actual performance. We depend on our collaborators and on medical institutions and CROs to conduct our clinical trials in compliance with GCP requirements. To the extent our collaborators or the CROs fail to enroll participants for our clinical trials, fail to conduct the study to GCP standards or are delayed for a significant time in the execution of trials, including achieving full enrollment, we may be affected by increased costs, program delays or both. In addition, clinical trials that are conducted in countries outside the European Union and the United States may subject us to further delays and expenses as a result of increased shipment costs, additional regulatory requirements and the engagement of non-EU and non-U.S. CROs, as well as expose us to risks associated with clinical investigators who are unknown to the FDA or the EMA, and different standards of diagnosis, screening and medical care.

 

Further, conducting clinical trials in foreign countries, as we may do for certain of our product candidates, presents additional risks that may delay completion of our clinical trials. These risks include the failure of enrolled patients in foreign countries to adhere to clinical protocol as a result of differences in healthcare services or cultural customs, managing additional administrative burdens associated with foreign regulatory schemes, as well as political and economic risks relevant to such foreign countries.

 

We must produce, through third parties, sufficient stable quantities of our product candidates for use in our clinical trials. Any delays in the production of our product candidates may lead to a delay in our clinical trials. If we make manufacturing or formulation changes to our product candidates or change manufacturers or manufacturing processes, we may be unsuccessful in producing the product as compared to the process or manufacturer used in prior clinical trials, and therefore may need to conduct additional trials to bridge our modified product candidates to earlier versions, which could impact the timing of commencing or completing our clinical trials. Moreover, there is no assurance that future clinical trials utilizing a new formulation of a product candidate manufactured by different manufacturers or pursuant to a new process will result in the favorable result, if any, observed in the prior clinical trials of such product candidates. For example, we will need to produce mavrilimumab using different media and feed compared to the processes that were used by MedImmune to develop our existing inventory. Further, we will need to identify a third party to manufacture mavrilimumab for any Phase 3 clinical trials and commercialization efforts, if any, and will need to transfer the manufacturing process of mavrilimumab to such third-party CMO. This manufacturer may be unsuccessful in producing the product in quantities or quality necessary to support our clinical trials or commercialization efforts, if any, which would delay development of the mavrilimumab.

 

Clinical trial delays could also shorten any periods during which our products have patent protection and may allow our competitors to bring products to market before we do, which could impair our ability to obtain orphan exclusivity for our products that potentially qualify for this designation, and to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. Any inability to successfully complete pre-clinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us or impair our ability to generate revenue and harm our business, financial condition and prospects significantly.

 

We may find it difficult to enroll patients in our clinical trials in a timely manner given the limited number of patients who have the diseases for which our product candidates are being studied, as well as particular enrollment criteria. Difficulty in enrolling patients could delay or prevent clinical trials of our product candidates, and our research and development efforts could be adversely affected.

 

Identifying and qualifying patients to participate in clinical trials of our product candidates is critical to our success. The timing of our clinical trials depends in part on the speed at which we can recruit patients to participate in testing our product candidates, and we may experience delays in our clinical trials if we encounter difficulties in enrollment. Patient enrollment depends on many factors, including the size and nature of the patient population, eligibility criteria for the clinical trial, the proximity of patients to clinical sites, the design of the clinical protocol, the availability of competing clinical trials, the availability of new drugs approved for the indication the clinical trial is investigating, the risk that patients enrolled in clinical trials will drop out of the trials before completion of their treatment and clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the safety and potential advantages of the product candidate being studied in relation to other available therapies.

 

Many of the conditions for which we plan to evaluate our current product candidates in the near future are in small disease populations. Accordingly, there are limited patient pools from which to draw for clinical trials.

 

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In addition to the rarity of these diseases, the eligibility criteria of our clinical trials will further limit the pool of available trial participants, as we will require patients to have specific characteristics that we can measure or to ensure their disease is either severe enough or not too advanced to include them in a trial. Further, we could learn that our clinical trial design increased the difficulty of enrolling patients, which could delay our trials. The process of finding and diagnosing patients may prove costly, especially since the rare diseases we are studying are commonly under diagnosed. We also may not be able to identify, recruit, enroll and retain a sufficient number of patients to complete our clinical trials because of the perceived risks and benefits of the product candidate under trial, the proximity and availability of clinical trial sites for prospective patients and the patient referral practices of physicians. The availability and efficacy of competing therapies and clinical trials, and clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages of the product candidate being studied in relation to those available competing therapies and clinical trials, can also adversely impact enrollment. If patients are unwilling to participate in our trials for any reason, the timeline for recruiting patients, conducting trials and obtaining regulatory approval of potential products may be delayed, the commercial prospects of our product candidates will be harmed, and our ability to generate product revenue from any of these product candidates could be delayed or prevented. Moreover, failure to obtain and maintain patient consents can also lead to delay or prevent completion of clinical trials of our product candidates.

 

In addition, our clinical trials may compete with other clinical trials for product candidates that are in the same therapeutic areas as our product candidates, and this competition may further reduce the number and types of patients available to us, because some patients who might have opted to enroll in our trials may instead opt to enroll in a trial being conducted by one of our competitors. Since the number of qualified clinical investigators is limited, we may conduct some of our clinical trials at the same clinical trial sites that some of our competitors use, which will reduce the number of patients who are available for our clinical trials in such clinical trial site. Delays in patient enrollment will increase our costs, slow down our product candidate development and approval process and jeopardize our ability to commence product sales and generate revenue. Any of these occurrences may harm our business, financial condition and prospects significantly. In addition, many of the factors that cause, or lead to, a delay in the commencement or completion of clinical trials may also ultimately lead to the denial of regulatory approval of our product candidates.

 

Our product candidates may cause undesirable side effects or have other safety risks that could delay or prevent their regulatory approval, limit the commercial profile of an approved label or result in significant negative consequences, including withdrawal of approval, following any potential marketing approval.

 

Treatment with our product candidates may produce undesirable side effects or adverse reactions or events. Undesirable side effects caused by our product candidates could cause us or regulatory authorities to interrupt, delay or halt clinical trials and could result in a more restrictive label or the delay or denial of regulatory approval by the FDA or other comparable foreign authorities.

 

All of our product candidates modulate the immune system and carry risks associated with immunosuppression, including the theoretical risk of serious infections and cancer. Some common side effects of rilonacept include, cold symptoms, nausea, stomach pain, diarrhea, numbness or tingly feeling and injection-site reaction. For mavrilimumab, there is a theoretical risk for the development of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, or PAP. PAP is a rare lung disorder in which surfactant-derived lipoproteins accumulate excessively within pulmonary alveoli due to loss of GM-CSF function. The disease can range in severity from a sub-clinical reduction in diffusion capacity to significant dyspnea during mild exertion. In pre-clinical studies conducted by MedImmune, certain effects were observed in the lungs of non-human primates, which led the FDA to issue a clinical hold with respect to MedImmune’s proposed clinical trial in RA. Pre-clinical data generated to date suggest mavrilimumab does not reach the lungs in sufficient quantities to induce PAP at clinically relevant doses and human trials thus far have not shown a clinical effect on pulmonary function tests attributable to mavrilimumab. If the results of our trials reveal a high or unacceptable severity and prevalence of these or other side effects, the FDA or applicable foreign regulatory agency may not authorize us to initiate our trials, or if initiated, our clinical trials could be suspended or terminated. The FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities could order us to cease further development of, or deny or withdraw approval of, any of our product candidates for any or all targeted indications.

 

Additionally, if one or more of our product candidates receives marketing approval, and we or others later identify undesirable side effects caused by such product, a number of potentially significant negative consequences could result, including but not limited to:

 

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·                  regulatory authorities may withdraw approvals of such product and require us to take it off the market;

 

·                  regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, specific warnings, contraindications or field alerts to physicians and pharmacies;

 

·                  we may be required to create a registry or a REMS plan, which could include a medication guide outlining the risks of such side effects for distribution to patients, a communication plan for healthcare providers and/or other elements to assure safe use;

 

·                  we may be required to change the way the product is administered, conduct additional clinical trials or change the labeling of the product;

 

·                  we may be subject to limitations on how we promote the product, or sales of the product may decrease significantly;

 

·                  we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;

 

·                  the product may become less competitive; and

 

·                  our reputation may suffer.

 

Any of these events could prevent us from achieving or maintaining market acceptance of the particular product candidate, if approved, and could significantly harm our business, results of operations and prospects.

 

Prior to our in-license or acquisition of rilonacept, mavrilimumab, KPL-716, KPL-045, and KPL-404, we were not involved in the development of these product candidates and, as a result, we are dependent on Regeneron, MedImmune, Biogen, Novo Nordisk and Primatope having accurately reported the results and correctly collected and interpreted the data from all pre-clinical and clinical trials conducted prior to our in-license or acquisition.

 

We had no involvement with or control over the pre-clinical and clinical development of any of our product candidates prior to our in-license or acquisition of them. We are dependent on Regeneron, MedImmune, Biogen, Novo Nordisk, and Primatope having conducted their research and development in accordance with the applicable protocols and legal, regulatory and scientific standards; having accurately reported the results of all pre-clinical studies and clinical trials conducted prior to our in-license or acquisition; and having correctly collected,interpreted, and completely transferred the data from these trials to us. If these activities were not compliant, accurate or correct, the clinical development, regulatory approval, or commercialization of one or more of our product candidates will be adversely affected.

 

If we cannot replicate positive results from earlier pre-clinical studies conducted by us or the companies from whom we have licensed or acquired or may in the future license or acquire our product candidates in our later clinical trials, we may be unable to successfully develop, obtain regulatory approval for and commercialize our product candidates.

 

Positive results from our pre-clinical studies, and any positive results we may obtain from our early clinical trials of our product candidates or from the clinical trials conducted by the companies from whom we licensed or acquired or may in the future license or acquire our product candidates, may not necessarily be predictive of the results from any required later pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. Similarly, even if we are able to complete our planned pre-clinical studies or clinical trials of our product candidates, the positive results from the pre-clinical studies and clinical trials of our product candidates may not be replicated in our subsequent pre-clinical studies or clinical trial results. None of our product candidates have been studied for the indications in which we are developing them, and we cannot provide any assurance that their development will be successful. For example, although rilonacept is FDA approved for the treatment of CAPS, and mavrilimumab has been studied in Phase 2 clinical trials for the treatment of RA, their safety and efficacy has not been determined in recurrent pericarditis or GCA, respectively, and each may fail to receive regulatory approval for those indications.

 

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Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in late-stage clinical trials after achieving positive results in early-stage development and we cannot be certain that we will not face similar setbacks. These setbacks have been caused by, among other things, pre-clinical findings made while clinical trials were underway or safety or efficacy observations made in pre-clinical studies and clinical trials, including previously unreported adverse events. Moreover, pre-clinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations and analyses and many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in pre-clinical studies and clinical trials nonetheless failed to obtain FDA or EMA approval. Furthermore, the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or the applicable foreign regulatory agencies may significantly change in a manner rendering our clinical data insufficient for approval, which may lead to the FDA or any foreign regulatory bodies delaying, limiting or denying approval of our product candidates.

 

Interim “top-line” and preliminary data from our clinical trials that we announce or publish from time to time may change as more patient data become available and are subject to audit and verification procedures that could result in material changes in the final data.

 

From time to time, we may publish interim “top-line” or preliminary data from our clinical trials. Preliminary or interim data from clinical trials that we may complete are subject to the risk that one or more of the clinical outcomes may materially change as patient enrollment continues and more patient data become available. Preliminary or interim data also remain subject to audit and verification procedures that may result in the final data being materially different from the preliminary data we previously published. As a result, interim and preliminary data should be viewed with caution until the final data are available. Adverse differences between preliminary or interim data and final data could significantly harm our business prospects.

 

Regulatory approval processes are lengthy, time consuming and inherently unpredictable. If we are not able to obtain, or if there are delays in obtaining, required regulatory approvals for our product candidates, we will not be able to commercialize, or will be delayed in commercializing, our product candidates and our ability to generate revenue will be materially impaired.

 

Our product candidates and the activities associated with their development and commercialization, including their design, testing, manufacture, safety, efficacy, recordkeeping, labeling, storage, approval, advertising, promotion, sale, distribution, import and export are subject to comprehensive regulation by the FDA and other regulatory agencies in the United States and by comparable authorities in other countries. Before we can commercialize any of our product candidates, we must obtain marketing approval. We have not received approval or clearance to market any of our product candidates from regulatory authorities in any jurisdiction and it is possible that none of our product candidates or any product candidates we may seek to develop in the future will ever obtain regulatory approval or clearance. We have only limited experience in filing and supporting the applications necessary to gain regulatory approvals and may need to rely on third-party CROs and regulatory consultants to assist us in this process. Securing regulatory approval requires the submission of extensive pre-clinical and clinical data and supporting information to the various regulatory authorities for each therapeutic indication to establish the product candidate’s safety and efficacy. Securing regulatory approval also requires the submission of information about the biologic manufacturing process to, and inspection of manufacturing facilities by, the relevant regulatory authority. Our product candidates may not be effective, may be only moderately effective or may prove to have undesirable or unintended side effects, toxicities or other characteristics that may preclude our obtaining marketing approval or prevent or limit commercial use. The FDA and other regulatory authorities have substantial discretion in the approval process, and determining when or whether regulatory approval will be obtained for a product candidate. Even if we believe the data collected from clinical trials are promising, such data may not be sufficient to support approval by the FDA or any other regulatory authority.

 

The process of obtaining regulatory approvals, both in the United States and in other countries, is expensive, may take many years if additional clinical trials are required, if approval is obtained at all, and can vary substantially based upon a variety of factors, including the type, complexity and novelty of the product candidates involved. Changes in marketing approval policies during the development period, changes in or the enactment of additional statutes or regulations, or changes in regulatory review for each submitted BLA, or equivalent application types, may cause delays in the approval or rejection of an application. The FDA and comparable authorities in other countries have substantial discretion in the approval process and may refuse to accept any application or may decide that our data are insufficient for approval and require additional pre-clinical, clinical or other trials. Approval by the FDA in the United States, if obtained, does not ensure approval by regulatory authorities in other countries or

 

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jurisdictions. Our product candidates could be delayed in receiving, or fail to receive, regulatory approval for many reasons, including the following:

 

·                  the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may disagree with the number, design or implementation of our clinical trials to support further development or approval;

 

·                  we may be unable to demonstrate to the satisfaction of the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities that a product candidate is safe and effective for its proposed indication;

 

·                  the results of clinical trials may not meet the level of statistical significance required by the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities for approval;

 

·                  we may be unable to demonstrate that a product candidate’s clinical and other benefits outweigh its safety risks;

 

·                  the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may disagree with our interpretation of data from pre-clinical studies or clinical trials;

 

·                  the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may disagree that we have provided sufficient safety data or adequately demonstrated clinical benefit in a patient population or subpopulation studied in the clinical trial;

 

·                  the data collected from clinical trials of our product candidates may not be sufficient to support the submission of a BLA or other submission or to obtain regulatory approval in the United States or elsewhere;

 

·                  the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authority could require us to collect additional data or conduct additional clinical studies;

 

·                  the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidates may be larger than we anticipate, enrollment in these clinical trials may be slower than we anticipate, participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate or we may fail to recruit suitable patients to participate in a trial;

 

·                  our third-party contractors may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner, or at all;

 

·                  the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may not believe that we have sufficiently demonstrated our ability to manufacture the products to the requisite level of quality standards, or they may fail to approve our manufacturing processes or facilities, or the manufacturing processes or facilities of third-party manufacturers with which we contract for clinical and commercial supplies;

 

·                  the supply or quality of our product candidates or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our product candidates may be insufficient or inadequate;

 

·                  our product candidates may have undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics, causing us or our investigators, regulators or IRBs to suspend or terminate the clinical trials; and

 

·                  the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable foreign regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering our clinical data insufficient for approval.

 

In addition, even if we were to obtain approval for one or more of our product candidates, regulatory authorities may approve any of our product candidates for fewer or more limited indications than we request. For example, in connection with our KPL-716 program, regulatory authorities may recognize a narrower patient population as having prurigo nodularis or define the disease differently than we do. Furthermore, regulatory

 

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authorities may not approve the price we intend to charge, may grant approval contingent on the performance of costly post-marketing clinical trials, may impose certain post-marketing requirements that impose limits on our marketing and distribution activities, or may approve a product candidate with a label that does not include the labeling claims necessary or desirable for the successful commercialization of that product candidate. Any of the foregoing scenarios could materially harm the commercial prospects for our product candidates.

 

If we experience delays in obtaining approval or if we fail to obtain approval of our product candidates, the commercial prospects for our product candidates may be harmed and our ability to generate revenue will be materially impaired.

 

Our product candidates regulated as biologics in the United States may face competition sooner than anticipated.

 

In the United States, the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009, or BPCIA, created an abbreviated approval pathway for biological products that are biosimilar to or interchangeable with an FDA-licensed reference biological product. Under the BPCIA, an application for a biosimilar product may not be submitted to the FDA until four years following the date that the reference product was first licensed by the FDA. In addition, the approval of a biosimilar product may not be made effective by the FDA until 12 years from the date on which the reference product was first licensed. During this 12-year period of exclusivity, another company may still market a competing version of the reference product if the FDA approves a full BLA for the competing product containing the sponsor’s own pre-clinical data and data from adequate and well-controlled clinical trials to demonstrate the safety, purity and potency of their product. The law is complex and is still being interpreted and implemented by the FDA. As a result, its ultimate impact, implementation and meaning are subject to uncertainty. While it is uncertain when processes intended to implement the BPCIA may be fully adopted by the FDA, any such processes could have a material adverse effect on the future commercial prospects of our product candidates.

 

Rilonacept was approved as a biological product under a BLA for the treatment of CAPS in 2008, and we believe it should qualify for the 12-year period of exclusivity against any biosimilars. However, there is a risk that this exclusivity could be shortened due to congressional action or otherwise, or that the FDA will not consider rilonacept, or any of our other product candidates, to be reference products for competing products, potentially creating the opportunity for generic competition sooner than anticipated. In addition, we plan to submit a supplemental BLA for rilonacept for the treatment of recurrent pericarditis, and the 12-year exclusivity period does not attach to the approval of a supplemental BLA.

 

Other aspects of the BPCIA, some of which may impact the BPCIA exclusivity provisions, have also been the subject of recent litigation. Moreover, the extent to which a biosimilar, once approved, will be substituted for a reference product in a way that is similar to traditional generic substitution for non-biological products is not yet clear, and will depend on a number of marketplace and regulatory factors that are still developing.

 

Even if we obtain marketing approval of our product candidates in a major pharmaceutical market such as the United States or the European Union, we may not obtain approval or commercialize our product candidates in other markets, which would limit our ability to realize their full market potential.

 

In order to market any products in a country or territory, we must establish and comply with numerous and varying regulatory requirements of such country or territory regarding safety and efficacy. Clinical trials conducted in one country may not be accepted by regulatory authorities in other countries, and regulatory approval in one country does not mean that regulatory approval will be obtained in any other country. Approval procedures vary among countries and can involve additional product testing and validation and additional administrative review periods. Seeking regulatory approvals in all markets may require additional pre-clinical studies or clinical trials, which would be costly and time consuming. Regulatory requirements can vary widely from country to country and could delay or prevent the introduction of our product candidates in those countries. Satisfying these and other regulatory requirements is costly, time consuming, uncertain and subject to unanticipated delays. In addition, our failure to obtain regulatory approval in any country may delay or have negative effects on the process for regulatory approval in other countries.

 

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We may seek orphan drug designation for some of our product candidates and we may be unsuccessful, or may be unable to maintain the benefits associated with orphan drug designation, including the potential for market exclusivity, for any product candidate for which we obtain orphan drug designation.

 

As part of our business strategy, we intend to seek orphan drug designation for certain of our product candidates, such as rilonacept, and we may be unsuccessful or unable to maintain the associated benefits. Regulatory authorities in some jurisdictions, including the United States and Europe, may designate drugs or biologics intended to treat relatively small patient populations as orphan drug products. Under the U.S. Orphan Drug Act, the FDA may designate a drug or biologic as an orphan drug if it is intended to treat a rare disease or condition, which is generally defined as a patient population of fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States, or a patient population greater than 200,000 in the United States where there is no reasonable expectation that the cost of developing the drug will be recovered from sales in the United States.

 

In the European Union, the European Commission grants orphan drug designation after receiving the opinion of the EMA’s Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products on an Orphan Drug Designation application. In the European Union, Orphan Drug Designation is intended to promote the development of drugs that are intended for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of life-threatening or chronically debilitating conditions affecting not more than five in 10,000 persons in the European Union and for which no satisfactory method of diagnosis, prevention, or treatment has been authorized (or the product would be a significant benefit to those affected). Additionally, orphan designation is granted for drugs intended for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of a life-threatening, seriously debilitating or serious and chronic condition when, without incentives, it is